Balkanlardaki milliyetçilik hareketlerinin Osmanlı Devleti`nin dağılması üzerindeki etkileri

Abstract

Distribution of population according to age groups in a country givesinformation about development level of that country. In developed countries, lessthan 30 % of the population consists of young people and 15 % of the populationconsists of old people. In less developed countries, young people ratio is between40-45 % while rate of old people is between 4-8 %.When Turkey's population distribution according to main age groups isinspected, it can be seen that: in 1990, 0-14 years-old age group has a share of35%, 15-64 years-old age group has a share of 61 % and over 65 years-old agegroup has a share of 4,3 %. However in 2000, 0-14 years-old age group's sharehas become 30 %, 15-64 years-old age group's share has become 64.5 % and over65 years-old age group's share has become 5.73 %. According to these ratios, itcan be said that Turkey takes place between developed and undeveloped countries.In other words, Turkey is in group of developing countries.When population distribution of geographical regions in Turkey accordingto main age groups for the year 1990, it can be observed that East and SoutheastAnatolia regions are the regions with highest 0-14 yeas-old age group ratio.Marmara, Aegean and central Anatolia regions are the regions with the highestadult population. Aegean and Black Sea regions are the regions with the highestold population.If population of geographical regions in Turkey is inspected according toage structure for year 2000, it can be come across that East and South Eastregions have the highest young population and birth rate. The most adultpopulation is in Marmara, Aegean and central Anatolia regions, in whichemployment opportunity is higher, while Black Sea and Aegean regions have thehighest old population due to differences in nutrition habits and life span.As a result, in recent years, besides there is a decrease in ratio of youngpopulation, adult population ratio has increased. There is a minor increase in oldpopulation ratio.

In the Introduction Part of this study entitled ?Impacts of the Nationalist Movements in the Balkans on the Dissolution of the Ottoman State?, it is aimed to explain the general outlook of the Ottoman State in the early 19th century, the policies of the Great Powers in that period towards the Ottoman State in the context of the Balkans, repercussions of the French Revolution on the Ottoman State and the influence of the Church on the peoples belonging to Christian faith in the Balkans.In the first chapter, the separatist movements in the Balkans which emerged as a consequence of all these developments are examined.In the second chapter, the reform efforts of the Ottoman State in the context of the separatist movements in the Balkans are scrutinized. In this chapter, the extent and direction of the effects of these reforms vis a vis these movements, which also aimed at preventing the separatist movements in the Balkans, are examined.In the Conclusion Part, it is stated that the nationalist movements in the Balkans were one of the most significant factors that accelerated the fall of the Ottoman State; however, these movements have also led to some changes, which proved their inadequacy in the coming years and to the dissolution of some outmoded institutions. It is also concluded that the Ottoman State would be obliged to leave its provinces in the Balkans ten or twenty years later, even so the Great Powers would not intervene and the breaking away of the Christian nations in the Balkans would happen in the evolve of history, even so the efforts aimed at reorganizing these nations would not be conducted, additionally, these efforts which were put into force with goad faith include some elements that accelerated the break up process.