Horasan ve çevresindeki Oğuz Boyları (1157-1220)

Abstract

253 SUMMARY The Turks of the Ghuzz tribes first converted to Islamic World during the 10th century, when they conquered Iran and defeated the Gaznavids. On the death of Tugril Beg (1063), his place of the Seljuk courts was taken by his nephew Alparslan as Sultan. The territories of Khorasan, Ajam, with the whole of 'Irak, Khwarazm, Tabaristân, Kirman, Fars and Sistân he brought under his sway. And Maliks of Türkistan and Turan submitted to his autority. Sultan Malik-Shah, ascended the throne at Merv after the death of his father (1072). He was himself a victorious and a conquering monarch and governed with a firm hand. He carried on various hostilities and undertook many holy wars in various parts of the country of the Turks and the territory of Rum. Sultan Malik-Shah's reign extended over a period of twenty six years and in the year 491 (1092) he died. When he died four sons survived him. Berkyaruk the eldest, Mahmûd the youngest and the other two sons were Muhammed and Sanjar. After the eldest Muhammed ascended the imperial throne. He despatched an army against Alamut the stronghold of Hasan-i Sabbah the held of the sect of Mulâhidahs. On the other hand he sent army to the smoll Latin states. The last Sultan of the Great Seljuks was Sanjar. His reign extended over a long period of time and puplic affairs went on in the highway of legality and on the beaten track of equity and justice. When the Ghuzz tribe crossed the Jihun, Sanjar marched against the Ghuzz in 1153 and was overthrown and taken prisoner and Khurasan, Kirman and Fars were seized them. After Sanjar' s death a. slave of him by the name Mu'ayyad Ai-Aba, held the government of the territory of Nishabur extending from Hirât to Rai. But this territory passed into the possession of the Harezmî sovereign and the Ghuzz went to the Kirman, where Malik Dinar the emîr of Ghuzz held the territory. In the followind year was bora Tamuchin afterwards known by the name of Chingiz Khan and the Mongols entered in Khorasan towards Anatolia and Russia.