Bir halı fabrikasında çalışan işçilerde anemi prevalansı ve genel sağlık durumunun değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

7. ÖZET Bu araştırma, önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan aneminin, toplumun üretken bir sınıfı olan işçilerdeki prevalansını tespit etmek amacıyla, Kayseri İlinde Atlas Halı Fabrikası 'nda çalışan 719'u erkek 75'i kadın, toplam 794 işçi üzerinde yapılmıştır. İşçilere yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle, amacına uygun 70 soru içeren anket uygulanmıştır. İşçilerin boy, kilo ve kan basınçları ölçülerek anket formuna kaydedilmiş ve tam kan tetkikleri yapmıştır. Anemi tanısı alan işçilere fizik muayene yapılarak, anemi bulguları değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma grubundaki erkek işçilerin yaş ortalaması 32.8 ± 6.9 iken, kadın işçilerin yaş ortalaması 28.6 ± 6.3 idi. Tüm işçilerin % 99.5'i okur yazar idi İşçilerin % 80.0'ı çekirdek ailede yaşarken, % 18.8'i geniş ailede yaşamakta idi. Erkek işçilerin % 68.7'si, kadın79 işçilerin % 29.3'ü halen sigara içmekte idi. İşçilerin %14.1'i, her hangi bir kronik hastalığı olduğunu, % 11.9'u ise sürekli bir ilaç kullandığını belirtmiştir. İşçilerin % 95.0'mın kan basıncı normal, % 5.0'ınm sınırda veya yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Beden Kitle Indeksi'ne göre işçilerin % 6.5' i zayıf, % 5.8' i şişmandır. Araştırma grubundaki tüm kadın işçilerin Hb ortalaması 12.9 ± 1.0, Htc ortalaması 37.8 ± 3.1 iken, tüm erkek işçilerde Hb ortalması 15.1 ± 2.6, Htc ortalaması 43.6 ± 2.7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İşçilerdeki genel anemi prevalansı % 1.8, demir eksikliği anemisi prevalansı % 0.9, thalessemia prevalansı % 0.5 ve kronik hastalıklara bağlı anemi prevalansı % 0.6 olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Anemi prevalansı erkek işçilerde % 0.8 iken, kadın işçilerde % 12.0 idi. Erkek işçilerde demir eksikliği anemisi prevalansı % 0.1, thalessemia prevalansı % 0.4 ve kronik hastalıklara bağlı anemi prevalansı % 0.4 iken, Kadın işçilerde demir eksikliği anemisi prevalansı % 8.0, thalessemia prevalansı % 1.3 ve kronik hastalıklara bağlı anemi prevalansı % 2.7 olarak bulunmuştur. Anemisi olan işçilerde, iştahsızlık, yutma güçlüğü, baş dönmesi ve huzursuzluk gibi yakınmalar, anlamlı olarak daha fazla idi. Bu işçilerin fizik muayenesinde; % 66.7 oranında konjonktiva ve avuç içi solukluğu, % 60.0 oranında kaşık tırnak ve dilde papilla atrofısi tespit edilmiştir. Demir eksikliği anemisi tanısı konulan işçilerin tümüne 3 ay süreyle oral demir tedavisi verilmiştir.Tedavi öncesinde Hb ortalaması 11.2 ± 1.7 ve Htc ortalaması 33.8 ± 3.2 iken, tedavi sonrasında Hb ortalaması 12.0 ± 0.3'e ve Htc ortalaması 36.1 ± 3.1'e yükselmiştir.

8. SUMMARY This study has been carried out for the purpose of determining anemia prevalence which is a major public health problem among the productive working grup of the population among the 794 workers of whom 719 were male and 75 were female who are working at Atlas carpet factory in Kayseri province. A questionnaire of 72 questions was applied to the workers through face to face interview. The height, weight and blood pressures of all the workers has been measured and registered to the questionnaire form and their complete blood count has been carried out. Workers who had anemia have been subjected to physical examination and their anemia symptoms has been analyzed. While the average age of male workers was 32.8 ± 6.9; the average age of female workers was 28.6 ± 6.3. of the workers 99.5 % were literate. While 80.0 % of the workers lived in nucleus family; 18.8 % of them lived in crowded family. 68.7 % of the male workers and 29.3 % of the female workers were smoking at the time. 14.1 % of the workers declaired that they had a kind of chronic ilness, 1 1.9 % of them have mentioned that they use a drug, of the workers 95.0 % blood pressure was found to be normal and 5.0 % of the workers blood pressure was found to be on the border or high. According to the body mass index 6.5 % of the workers were slim, 5.8 % of them were obese. While the average hemoglobin value of the female workers in the research group was found to be12.9 ± 1.0 and their average hematokrit value was found to be 37.8 ±3.1; the average hemoglobin value of the male workers in the research group was found to be 15.1 ± 2.6 and their average hematokrit value was found to be 43.6 ± 2.7. The anemia prevelance was found to be 1.8 %, iron defficiency anemia prevalence was found to be 0.9 %, thalassemia prevalence was found to be 0.5 % and the prevalence of anemia attached to chronic ilnesses (chronic ilnesses anemia prevalence) was found to be 0.6 % among all workers. While the anemia prevalence among male workers was 0.8 %; it was found to be 12.0 % among female workers. While the iron defficiency anemia prevalence was found to be 0.1 %, thallassemia prevalence was found to be 0.4 % and the prevalence of anemia attached to chronic ilnesses (chronic ilnesses anemia prevalence) was found to be 0.4 % among male workers; the iron defficiency anemia prevalence was found to be 8.0 %, thallassemia prevalence was found to be 1.3 % and the prevalence of anemia attached to chronic ilnesses (chronic ilnesses anemia prevalence) was found to be 2.7 % among female workers. Symptoms like loss of appetite (anorexia), difficulty in swallowing, dizziness (lightheadness) and being unrest was found to be significantly high among the anemic workers. At the physical examination of these workers it was found that 66.7 % of them had conjonctiva and palm pallor, 60.0 % had koilonychia and papilla atrophia at their tongue. Workers who have been diagnosed to have iron defficiency anemia have been subjected to a three month treatment of oral iron. While the average hemoglobin value was 11.2 ± 1.7 and the average hematokrit value was 33.8 ± 3.12 before treatment; the average hemoglobin value increased to 12.0 ± 0.3 and the average hematokrit value increased to 36. 1 ±3.1 after the treatment.