Türk konut mekanı ve mobilya tasarımında geçmişten günümüze yaşamsal etkileşim

Abstract

SUMMARY Throughout history, the artistic activities of a country have been governed by the social economic, psychological and political infrastructure and climatic, geophysical structure, available materials, production, religion, customs and historical events dominant in that coutnry. Urbanization and architecture are determined by the above referred factors. The Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, causing important results in the development of humanity, have changed the social structure a great deal and created urbanization of which concepts of habitation have emerged. As a result of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, archictecture developed according to certain movements /styles and the important and limited aims of the era. The periods of the art of furniture have also been affected by the movements /styles which shaped architecture. The subject-matter of this thesis is the examination of the main factors affecting the development of our housing structures and the Turks' notion on furniture. The first part of will concentrate on the notion of housing from the first settlement units until the modern times. It has been observed that the first types of settlement served the aim to protect and defend. `Parallel to the development of humanity and its changing needs, the concept of housing has also changed in order to meet these changing desires. As time passed, human beings started to constrtuct builds which would satisfy their needs. More durable andpracticle buildings have been constructed by using artifical construction material such as loam, bricks, steel etc.` (X), (Y) The second part of this thesis will discuss the birth and development of Turkish housing architecture. ` The development and design of buildings satisfying the needs and possibilities of the Turkish society can only be determined after having analyzed the characteristics of the traditional Turkish Housing.` (Z) Therefore, as the main factor affecting residence architecture, the traditional Turkish House will be concentrated upon. The various researchers approached to the traditional housing architecture from different points of views. In this part of VIthe thesis, the explanations put forward are based on the various views of the researchers. During the shape and space evolution of the tradtional Turkish House, determinative and changing effects have played an important role. Social and cultural surroundings are determinative factors whereas changing factors are climate, material, construction methods and physical aspects like geological structure. As a result of this, the interior spaces and the organization of these spaces in the Turkish House are dealt with in detail. Moreover, the interior decoration and the furnishings of the Turkish Republic. Regarding the architecutre of the Republican period, the subject thesis will concentrate upon the `National Architecture` movement which resulted from the westernization efforts and the results of the said movements. The urban and structural effects of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution will be discussed as the last effects on housing architecture. The urbanization phenomenon resulting from the two revolutions and the gousing problem which emerged as a consequence of same will be exmined in a parallel way to chages of the the production powers. ` The structural changes in agriculture and the concentration of the industry in the cities resulted in the phenomenon of `migration to the cities`. With the addition of the population growth, serious housing problems have been faced expecially in the cities.` (A) Slums are the result of the unplanned urbanization. In order to impove the unfavourable sheltering conditions which emerged as a censequence of the Industrial Revolution, worldwide studies have been initiated. The referred studies aim to create healthy and satisfying housing conditions. At the end of this part, the effects of the Industrial Revolution on furniture design and products of industrial design will be handled. vn

SUMMARY Throughout history, the artistic activities of a country have been governed by the social economic, psychological and political infrastructure and climatic, geophysical structure, available materials, production, religion, customs and historical events dominant in that coutnry. Urbanization and architecture are determined by the above referred factors. The Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, causing important results in the development of humanity, have changed the social structure a great deal and created urbanization of which concepts of habitation have emerged. As a result of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, archictecture developed according to certain movements /styles and the important and limited aims of the era. The periods of the art of furniture have also been affected by the movements /styles which shaped architecture. The subject-matter of this thesis is the examination of the main factors affecting the development of our housing structures and the Turks' notion on furniture. The first part of will concentrate on the notion of housing from the first settlement units until the modern times. It has been observed that the first types of settlement served the aim to protect and defend. `Parallel to the development of humanity and its changing needs, the concept of housing has also changed in order to meet these changing desires. As time passed, human beings started to constrtuct builds which would satisfy their needs. More durable andpracticle buildings have been constructed by using artifical construction material such as loam, bricks, steel etc.` (X), (Y) The second part of this thesis will discuss the birth and development of Turkish housing architecture. ` The development and design of buildings satisfying the needs and possibilities of the Turkish society can only be determined after having analyzed the characteristics of the traditional Turkish Housing.` (Z) Therefore, as the main factor affecting residence architecture, the traditional Turkish House will be concentrated upon. The various researchers approached to the traditional housing architecture from different points of views. In this part of VIthe thesis, the explanations put forward are based on the various views of the researchers. During the shape and space evolution of the tradtional Turkish House, determinative and changing effects have played an important role. Social and cultural surroundings are determinative factors whereas changing factors are climate, material, construction methods and physical aspects like geological structure. As a result of this, the interior spaces and the organization of these spaces in the Turkish House are dealt with in detail. Moreover, the interior decoration and the furnishings of the Turkish Republic. Regarding the architecutre of the Republican period, the subject thesis will concentrate upon the `National Architecture` movement which resulted from the westernization efforts and the results of the said movements. The urban and structural effects of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution will be discussed as the last effects on housing architecture. The urbanization phenomenon resulting from the two revolutions and the gousing problem which emerged as a consequence of same will be exmined in a parallel way to chages of the the production powers. ` The structural changes in agriculture and the concentration of the industry in the cities resulted in the phenomenon of `migration to the cities`. With the addition of the population growth, serious housing problems have been faced expecially in the cities.` (A) Slums are the result of the unplanned urbanization. In order to impove the unfavourable sheltering conditions which emerged as a censequence of the Industrial Revolution, worldwide studies have been initiated. The referred studies aim to create healthy and satisfying housing conditions. At the end of this part, the effects of the Industrial Revolution on furniture design and products of industrial design will be handled. vn