Yangın tehlikesi, yangından korunma ve güvenlik önlemleri

Abstract

It is necessary that the fire safety systems, standards and applicable regulations implemented abroad should be adapted to the conditions prevailing in Turkey and put into service. Currently the best regulation regarding the fire protection measures in Turkey is the `Istanbul Greater City Municipality Fire Protection Regulations`. It is necessary to take necessary actions so that this regulation shall be valid and effective throughout the country and that the deficiencies in the regulations should be completed. It is necessary to issue regulations which are valid throughout the country and covers the modern technology so that the fire safety measures are taken, inspected and supervised for ensuring fire safety in Turkey. Parallel to the changes in production methods and technological developments in our counrty, the number of fire and casualties increase dramatically every year. The increasing number of fires is relatively not so important. What is more important is that immediate detection and intervention with fire. Despite the fact that the number of fires in developed countries is two or three times more then those in our country, the losses and casualties are significantly lesser. In today's incurance sector, it should be deemed as a primary task for the insurance companies to guide the people or companies in order to minimize the damages out of a possible fire. This is called `Risk Management` in the worldwide insurance sector. Taking the measures preventing or minimizing the damages significantly changes the risk classification and the premium rates, allowing for reduction in insurance cost up to 60 %. The initial expenditures to be incurred by the corporations for fire prevention and safety measures shall become rather insignificant over the years, when compared to the reductions from the premiums payable annually. This study covers the analysis of fire hazards, fire protection and safety measures to be taken, and aims at helping the risk management, which is the primary task of the insurance company. 146CONCLUSION In case where the fire measures are not sufficient, the fires should be prevented or if this is not possible, then extinguished as soon as possible in order to minimize the losses of life and property. The primary way of preventing or minimizing life and property lossese likely to be caused by fires is to eliminate the factors that may cause fire and to take the measures, which allow for immediate and efficient intervention. The cost of taking fire protection measures is apparently less than the fire extinguishing costs. To minimize the fire hazard and to intervene with the fire as quickly as possible, it is necessary to consider a number of measures during the design stage of the buildings, to implement during the construction stage and to ensure functionality during the operation stage. The fire safety has been given importance in developed countries, which have prepared and implemented numerous standards and regulations to that end. The structural measures are supervised from the onset by the brigade organization and such supervisions are periodically conducted in public areas. The fire brigade organizations are responsible for inspecting and regulating the fire protection and rescue measures in buildings and other structures. The plan of a building is first reviewed by the Municipal Buildings Control Service and then by the Fire Brigade Organization. The Fire Brigade checks the building plan, and if the fire measures proposed are sufficient, it is approved by the Fire Brigade Head. Today, despite the advanced fire extinguishing tecnologies and fire safety measures taken in developed countries, unfortunately it is quite difficult to say that there ara such measures in our country. Despite the facts that huge losses are caused for years in our big cities, the fire safety measures have not been given sufficient importance. Despite the fact that there are no provisions contradicting with one another in differing regulations, such provisions are rather untidy. Lack of calculations for fire protection, fire resistance and stength during a fire, non classification of building materials according to their fire resistance values and lack of relevant standards in our country, as is the case of developed countries cause difficulty for the measures and supervisions against a possible fire. 145It is necessary that the fire safety systems, standards and applicable regulations implemented abroad should be adapted to the conditions prevailing in Turkey and put into service. Currently the best regulation regarding the fire protection measures in Turkey is the `Istanbul Greater City Municipality Fire Protection Regulations`. It is necessary to take necessary actions so that this regulation shall be valid and effective throughout the country and that the deficiencies in the regulations should be completed. It is necessary to issue regulations which are valid throughout the country and covers the modern technology so that the fire safety measures are taken, inspected and supervised for ensuring fire safety in Turkey. Parallel to the changes in production methods and technological developments in our counrty, the number of fire and casualties increase dramatically every year. The increasing number of fires is relatively not so important. What is more important is that immediate detection and intervention with fire. Despite the fact that the number of fires in developed countries is two or three times more then those in our country, the losses and casualties are significantly lesser. In today's incurance sector, it should be deemed as a primary task for the insurance companies to guide the people or companies in order to minimize the damages out of a possible fire. This is called `Risk Management` in the worldwide insurance sector. Taking the measures preventing or minimizing the damages significantly changes the risk classification and the premium rates, allowing for reduction in insurance cost up to 60 %. The initial expenditures to be incurred by the corporations for fire prevention and safety measures shall become rather insignificant over the years, when compared to the reductions from the premiums payable annually. This study covers the analysis of fire hazards, fire protection and safety measures to be taken, and aims at helping the risk management, which is the primary task of the insurance company. 146CONCLUSION In case where the fire measures are not sufficient, the fires should be prevented or if this is not possible, then extinguished as soon as possible in order to minimize the losses of life and property. The primary way of preventing or minimizing life and property lossese likely to be caused by fires is to eliminate the factors that may cause fire and to take the measures, which allow for immediate and efficient intervention. The cost of taking fire protection measures is apparently less than the fire extinguishing costs. To minimize the fire hazard and to intervene with the fire as quickly as possible, it is necessary to consider a number of measures during the design stage of the buildings, to implement during the construction stage and to ensure functionality during the operation stage. The fire safety has been given importance in developed countries, which have prepared and implemented numerous standards and regulations to that end. The structural measures are supervised from the onset by the brigade organization and such supervisions are periodically conducted in public areas. The fire brigade organizations are responsible for inspecting and regulating the fire protection and rescue measures in buildings and other structures. The plan of a building is first reviewed by the Municipal Buildings Control Service and then by the Fire Brigade Organization. The Fire Brigade checks the building plan, and if the fire measures proposed are sufficient, it is approved by the Fire Brigade Head. Today, despite the advanced fire extinguishing tecnologies and fire safety measures taken in developed countries, unfortunately it is quite difficult to say that there ara such measures in our country. Despite the facts that huge losses are caused for years in our big cities, the fire safety measures have not been given sufficient importance. Despite the fact that there are no provisions contradicting with one another in differing regulations, such provisions are rather untidy. Lack of calculations for fire protection, fire resistance and stength during a fire, non classification of building materials according to their fire resistance values and lack of relevant standards in our country, as is the case of developed countries cause difficulty for the measures and supervisions against a possible fire. 145It is necessary that the fire safety systems, standards and applicable regulations implemented abroad should be adapted to the conditions prevailing in Turkey and put into service. Currently the best regulation regarding the fire protection measures in Turkey is the `Istanbul Greater City Municipality Fire Protection Regulations`. It is necessary to take necessary actions so that this regulation shall be valid and effective throughout the country and that the deficiencies in the regulations should be completed. It is necessary to issue regulations which are valid throughout the country and covers the modern technology so that the fire safety measures are taken, inspected and supervised for ensuring fire safety in Turkey. Parallel to the changes in production methods and technological developments in our counrty, the number of fire and casualties increase dramatically every year. The increasing number of fires is relatively not so important. What is more important is that immediate detection and intervention with fire. Despite the fact that the number of fires in developed countries is two or three times more then those in our country, the losses and casualties are significantly lesser. In today's incurance sector, it should be deemed as a primary task for the insurance companies to guide the people or companies in order to minimize the damages out of a possible fire. This is called `Risk Management` in the worldwide insurance sector. Taking the measures preventing or minimizing the damages significantly changes the risk classification and the premium rates, allowing for reduction in insurance cost up to 60 %. The initial expenditures to be incurred by the corporations for fire prevention and safety measures shall become rather insignificant over the years, when compared to the reductions from the premiums payable annually. This study covers the analysis of fire hazards, fire protection and safety measures to be taken, and aims at helping the risk management, which is the primary task of the insurance company. 146