Bitkisel protein kaynaklarının formaldehit ile muamele edilmesinin besin maddelerinin sindirilme dereceleri azot birikimi ile süt verimi ve kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi

Abstract

6. ÖZET ` Bitkisel Protein Kaynaklarının Formaldehit 11e Muamele Edilmesinin Besin Maddelerinin Sindirilme Dereceleri, Azot Birikimi i1e Süt Verimi ve Kompozisyonu üzerine Etkisi` Soya fasulyesi küspesi (SFK) ve pamuk tohumu küspesi (PTK)'nin formaldehit 11e muamele edilmesinin çeşitli etkilerinin araştırıldığı bu çalışma 3 deneme halinde yürütüldü. Formaldehit muamelesinin; Deneme I'de rumende ham protein, kuru madde ve effektif protein yıkılımları üzerine etkisi, Deneme II* de ham besin maddelerinin sindirilme derecesi ve organizmada alıkonan azot miktarı üzerine etkisi, Deneme III 'te ise süt verimi ve kompozisyonu i1e bazı kan ve rumen sıvısı metabolitleri üzerine etkisi incelendi. Naylon kese denemesinde (Deneme I) ham protein miktarlarının % 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 ve 1.2's1 düzeyinde formaldehit 11e muamele edilen SFK ve PTK numuneleri 4, 8, 12, 16 ve 24 saat süreyle rumende Inkube edildi. SFK'nde 12 saatlik Inkubasyonda kuru madde yıkılımı sırasıyla % 73.56, 63.83, 48.24, 38.21 ve 37.61; ham protein yıkılımı % 70.80, 55.23, 33.81, 27.56 ve 19.22; 24 saatlik Inkubasyonda kuru madde yıkılımı X 92.08, 80.99, 66.06, 64.86 ve 65.63; ham protein yıkılımı % 94.40, 75.54, 52.77, 49.90 ve 48.43 olarak, PTK'nde 1se 12 saatlik Inkubasyonda kuru madde yıkılımı sırasıyla % 47.85, 50.77, 39.94, 31.61 ve 28.70; ham protein yıkılımı S 76.09, 75.58, 55.76, 32.29 ve 29.71; 24 saatlik Inkubasyonda kuru madde yıkılımı 1se % 56.61, 56.33, 50.82, 49.03 83ve 44.29; ham protein yıkılımı % 83.62, 83.28» 63.48, 53.97 ve 49.31 olarak bulundu (P < 0.01). Effektlf protein yıkılımı değerleri SFK 1ç1n muamele sırasına göre % 67.07, 58.33, 40.08, 34.49 ve 31.15, PTK 1ç1n 1se aynı sırayla % 69.42, 66.14, 54.96, 40.88 ve 34.51 olarak belirlendi (P < 0.01). Deneme II ve III 'te küspeler, naylon kese denemesi sonuçlarına göre optimum protein bypassı sağlayan düzeylerde (ham protein miktarlarının SFK 1ç1n % 0.6'sı, PTK 1ç1n 1se % 0.9'u) formaldehitle muamele edildi. Sindirim denemesinde (Denem II) organizmada tutulan azot miktarı SFK, formaldehit 11e muamele edilmiş SFK (FMSFK), PTK ve formaldehit 11e muamele edilmiş PTK (FMPTK)'nde sırasıyla 0.40 g, 2.32 g, 0.59 g ve 3.20 g olarak tespit edildi (P > 0.05). Aynı gruplarda ham besin maddelerinin sindirilme dereceleri yukarıdaki sıraya göre kuru madde 1ç1n % 68.66, 70.06, 68.49 ve 69.18 (P > 0.05); organik madde 1ç1n % 71.48, 73.28, 71.18 ve 72.13 (P > 0.05); ham protein 1ç1n % 80.05, 84.06, 83.79 ve 81.44 (P > 0.05); ham selüloz 1ç1n % 67.25, 66.06, 64.66 ve 66.49 (P > 0.05); ham yağ 1ç1n % 69.60, 76.44, 83.05 ve 68.28 (P > 0.05); azotsuz öz maddeler 1cin 1se % 57.48, 56.19, 56.11 ve 57.10 (P > 0.05) olarak belirlenmiştir. Yedirme denemesinde (Deneme III) SFK, FMSFK, PTK ve FMPTK içeren konsantre yemleri tüketen hayvanlarda grup sırasına göre süt verimi 16.52 kg, 19.02 kg, 18.83 kg ve 17.60 kg; yağa göre düzeltilmiş süt verimi 17.42 kg, 19.47 kg, 19.58 kg ve 18.71 kg; kuru maddeye göre düzeltilmiş süt verimi 1se 17.22 kg, 19.22 kg, 19.79 kg ve 18.46 kg olarak bulundu (P > 0.05). Aynı gruplarda 84süt yağı sırasıyla % 4.48, 4.28, 4.24 ve 4.43 (P > 0.05); süt proteini ise sırasıyla % 3.75, 3.61, 3.77 ve 3.79 (P < 0.06) olarak tespit edildi. Yemlemeden 3 saat sonra alınan rumen sıvısı örneklerinde total uçucu yağ asitleri konsantrasyonu (uM/ml) grup sırasına göre 79.89, 76.55, 87.38 ve 91.44; NH3-N konsantrasyonu (mg/100 mi) 10.76, 8.78, 12.04 ve 9.57 olarak (P < 0.05), kan serumu total protein düzeyi (mg/100 mi) 6.22, 4.00, 5.43 ve 5.92; üre-N düzeyi (mg/100 mi) 1se 54.53, 53.05, 51.50 ve 55.02 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, formaldehit muamelesi bypass protein miktarım artırmış, ancak ham besin maddelerinin sindirilme derecesi ve organizmada azot birikimi ile ineklerde süt verimi ve sütün kompozisyonunda önemli bir ilerleme sağlamamıştır. 85

7. SUMMARY `The Effect of Formaldehyde Treatment of Vegetable Protein Sources on The Digestibility of Nutrients and Nitrogen Retention and M1lk Yield and Composition` This study 1s composed of three experiments. The first one deals with the effects of formaldehyde treatments of soya bean meal (SBM) and cottonseed ollmeal (CSM) on degradation of dry matter, crude protein and effective crude protein (ECP). The second experiment deals with that of digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance. The third experiment is on the effects of formaldehyde treatment on milk yield, milk composition, some blood, and rumen fluid metabolites. In the first trial (Naylon bag trial), soya bean meal and cottonseed oilmeal treated with 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 g formaldehyde / 100 g crude protein were incubated in the rumen for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours. Following the 12 hours incubation of soya bean meal, crude protein degradation was found as 70.80, 55.23, 33.81, 27.26 and 19.22 % and dry matter degradation was 73.56, 63.83, 48.24, 38.21 and 37.61 % 1n respect to aforementioned formaldehyde levels. After an Incubation period of 24 hours, crude protein and dry matter degradation were 94.40, 75.54, 52.77, 49.90, 48.43 and 92.08, 80.99, 65.06, 64.86, 65.63 %, respectively. Following the 12 hours Incubation of cottonseed ollmeal, crude protein degradation was found as 76.09, 76.58, 55.76, 32.29 and 29.71 % and dry matter degradation 47.85, 50.77, 8639.94, 31.61 and 28.70 %. After an Incubation period of 24 hours, crude protein and dry matter degradation were 83.62, 83.28, 63.48, 53.97, 49.31 and 56.61, 56.33, 50.82, 49.03, 44.29 X, respectively. Calculated effective protein degradation was 67.07, 58.33, 40.08, 34.49 and 31.15 % for soya bean meal and 69.42, 66.14, 54.96, 40.88 and 34.51 % for cottonseed ollmeal according to the formaldehyde levels. In the second and the third trials, the meals were treated with formaldehyde at the rate of 0.6 and 0.9 36 of the crude protein contents, which has been detected 1n nylon bag trial to be the most suitable levels for optimum protein protection from rumen fermentation, of the SBM and CSM, respectively. In the second trial (Digestion and nitrogen balance trial), nitrogen retention of soya bean meal (SBM), formaldehyde treated soya bean meal (FTSBM), cottonseed ollmeal (CSM) and formaldehyde treated cottonseed ollmeal (FTCSM) were determined as 0.40, 2.32, 0.59 and 3.20 g, respectively. For the same groups, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and nitrogen free extracts were 68.66, 70.06, 68.49, 69.18 (P > 0.05); 71.48, 73.28, 71.18, 72.13 (P > 0.05); 80.05, 84.06, 83.79, 81.44 (P > 0.05); 67.25, 66.06, 64.66, 66.49 (P > 0.05); 69.60, 76.44, 83.05, 68.28 (P > 0.05) and 57.48, 56.19, 56.11, 57.10 (P > 0.05) %, respectively. In the third trial (Feeding trial), milk yield, fat corrected milk yield and solid corrected milk yield for the cows consuming the concentrates containing SBM, FTSBM, CSM and FTCSM were 16.52, 19.02, 18.83, 17.60; 17.42, 19.47, 19.58, 18.71; 8717.22, 19.22, 19.79, 18.46 kg, respectively. M1lk fat and milk protein 1n the same groups were 4.48, 4.28, 4.24, 4.43 % (P > 0.05) and 3.75, 3.61, 3.77, 3.79 % (P < 0.05), respectively. In the rumen fluid samples collected three hours after feeding, total fatty add and ammon1a-N concentrations were 79.89, 76.55, 87.38, 91.44 uM/ml (P > 0.05) and 107.64, 87.77, 120.42, 95.65 mg/100 ml (P < 0.05), respectively. In the blood samples collected at the same time, serum total protein and ure-N concentrations were 5.22, 4.00, 5.43, 5.92 and 54.53, 53.05, 51.50, 55.02 mg/100 ml (P > 0.05),, respectively. As a result, formaldehyde treatment has Increased the amount of bypass protein but any significant Improvement couldn't be obtained 1n nitrogen retention, digestibility of nutrients, milk yield and milk composition. 88