Atatürk dönemi eğitim ve kültür politikası 1923-1938

Abstract

SUMMARY The aim of this thesis is to study the principles and goals of the educational and cultural politics of the Atatürk era; the revolution movements and the related applications of his period and their consequences; and finally the cultural background upon which the modern Turkey was based and the educatinonal system developed to support it, thus sheding light on the Atatürk period during which great changes had taken place in almost every aspect of life. The ottoman Empire, which had ruled over large geographical areas over more than six hundred years, ceased to exist ofter the Mondros. (30 October 1918). The Turkish republic fas founded following an independence war on the remaining territories of the Empire populated largely by ethnic Turks. This was a national state based on `nation` in accord with the sprit of the national struggle led by Kemal Atatürk. Nationalism therefore, become one of the basic principles of the Turkish Republic, `westernisation` was adopted as a second principle due to the foct that wester civilisation was dominant in the world because of its superiority in terms of science and technology. The cultural structure, thefore, was reformed radically during the first five years following the proclamation of the republic. The reforms carried out during the period 1923-1930, which may be called the first period of the Atatürk' s reforms had. a radical character. It was this period during which the political system had acquired its main features. During the second period, 1930-1938, the reforms of the first period were completed and perfected. ?:ill