Isparta İli ve çevresinde tüketime arz edilen bazı gıda yem ve hammaddelerinden aflotoksin B-1 ve okratoksin A içeriklerinin saptanması

Abstract

m ÖZET Bu çalışma, İsparta üi ve çevresinde tüketime arz edilen bazı gıda maddeleri, yem hammaddeleri ve karma yemlerde aflatoksin Bı ve okratoksin A içeriklerinin saptanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bunun için, İsparta ilinin değişik yerlerinden 7 adet susam, 10 adet findik, 18 adet kuru incir, 20 adet kırmızı pul biber, 17 adet kırmızı toz biber, 42 adet mısır, 27 adet pamuk tohum küspesi, 27 adet ayçiçeği tohum küspesi, 24 adet soya küspesi, 3 adet alabalık yemi, 9 adet etlik piliç yemi, 6 adet tavuk yumurta yemi, 20 adet sığır besi yemi, 22 adet sığır süt yemi olmak üzere toplam 252 adet örnek alınmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Kuru incir örneklerinin % 44'ünde 8,2-250 ppb (ortalama 73,6 ppb), kırmızı pul biber örneklerinin % 85'inde 4-60 ppb (ortalama 17,2 ppb), kırmızı toz biber örneklerinin % 52'sinde 1,5-20 ppb (ortalama 8,3 ppb), mısır örneklerinin % 42'inde 4-400 ppb (ortalama 48,1 ppb), pamuk tohum küspesi örneklerinin % 11 'inde 2,1-7 ppb (ortalama 5,1 ppb), ayçiçeği tohum küspesi örneklerinin % 22'sinde 2,1-13,6 ppb (ortalama 7,7 ppb), soya küspesi örneklerinin % 4'ünde (1 tanesi) 1,9 ppb, etlik piliç yemi örneklerinin % 22'sinde 4,2-8 ppb (ortalama 6,1 ppb), tavuk yumurta yemi örneklerinin % 50'sinde 3-20 ppb (ortalama 8,6 ppb), sığır besi yemi örneklerinin % 30'unda 5,4-17,5 ppb (ortalama 13,2 ppb) ve sığır süt yemi örneklerinin % 23'ünde 4-5 ppb (ortalama 4,4 ppb) oranlarında aflatoksin Bı tespit edilmiştir. Susam, findik ve alabalık yemi örneklerinin tümünde aflatoksin Bı bulunamamıştır. Kuru incir örneklerinin % 44'ü, kırmızı pul biber örneklerinin % 60% kırmızı toz biber örneklerinin % 23'ü ve mısır örneklerinin % 7,1 'i Türkiye'de belirlenen limit değerlerin üzerinde aflatoksin Bı içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Kırmızı pul biber örneklerinin 3 tanesinde, sırasıyla 17 ppb, 22 ppb ve 30 ppb miktarlarında okratoksin A saptanmıştır. Diğer tüm örneklerimizde okratoksin A'ya rastlanmamıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mikotoksin, karma yem, yem hammaddesi, gıda

IV ABSTRACT This study was aimed to analyze the contents of aflatoxin Bi and ochratoxin A in food, feed-stuffs and mixed feeds marketed in İsparta. For this purpose, 7 samples of sesame seed meal, 10 samples of hazelnut, 18 samples of dried fig, 20 samples of red pepper flakes, 17 samples of ground red pepper, 42 samples of corn, 27 samples of cotton seed meal, 27 samples of sunflower meal, 24 samples of soybean meal, 3 samples of commercial salmon trout mixed feeds, 9 samples of fattened chicken mixed feeds, 6 samples of layer mixed feed, 20 samples of beef-cattle mixed feeds and 22 samples of dairy cattle mixed feed were randomly taken from different food stores, feed mills and distributors at different time and locations. There were totally 252 samples to be analyzed for aflotoxin and ochratoxin contents. 44 % of dried fig samples were contaminated with aflatoxin at the level of 8,2 to 250 ppm (average 73,6 ppb), 85 % of red pepper flakes were contaminated with aflatoxin at the level of 4 to 60 ppb (average 17,2 ppb), the ground red peppers had 52 % contamination with aflatoxin at the level of 1,5 to 20 ppb (average 8,3 ppb), the samples of corn had 42 % contamination of aflatoxin at the level of 4 to 400 ppb (average 48,1 ppb), the samples of cotton seed meal had 11 % contamination of aflatoxin at the level of 2,1 to 7 ppb (average 5,1 ppb), 22 % of sunflower meal samples were contamination with aflatoxin at the level of 2,1 to 13,6 ppm (average 7,7 ppb), only one samples of soybean meal had contaminated with aflatoksin at the level 1,9 ppb, 22 % of chicken mixed feeds were contamination with aflatoxin at the level of 4,2 to 8 ppb (average 6,1 ppb), samples for chicken layer mixed feed had 50 % contamination with aflatoxin at the level of 3 to 20 ppb (average 8,6 ppb), Beef cattle mixed feeds had 30 % contamination with aflatoxin at the level of 5,4 to 17,5 ppb (average 13,2), and the dairy cattle mixed feeds had 23 % contamination with aflatoxin Bi at the level of 4 to 5 ppb (average 4,4 ppb). None of the samples of sesame, hazelnut and commercial salmon trout mixed feeds had contamination with aflatoxin Bi. In conclusion, 44 % of dried fig samples, % 60 of red pepper flakes samples, % 23 ground red pepper samples and % 7,1 corn samples had an aflatoxin contamination which was found to be significantly higher than that of limit level recommended from The Turkish Ministry of Agriculture.Three samples of red pepper flakes contained 17, 22 and 30 ppb ochratoxin A, respectively, whereas none of the other feed and foodstuff did contain ochratoxin A in the present study. Key Words: Mycotoxin, mixed feed, feed stufls, foods