Total quality control

Abstract

ÖZET Bu çalışmada çağımızın gereği kaliteli ürün ve hizmet üretimine etkin biçimde olanak veren toplam kalite kontrolü incelenmektedir. Toplam kalite kontrolü, `müşteri tatminini en ekonomik düzeyde sağlayacak ürün veya hizmeti üretmek için bir organizasyon içindeki çeşitli grupların kalite geliştirme ve yaşatma çabalarını bütünleştiren bir sistem` şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Böyle bir sistemin bir işletmede kurulup başarıyla uygulanabilmesi yoğun çabalar gerektirir. Bu konuda işletme içindeki herkese düşen görevler vardır. Toplam kalite kontrolü, gelecek dönemler içinde işletmelerin en büyük başarı kozlarından biri olacaktır. Ayrıca kalite güvencesi ile somut temellere oturtulan toplam kalite kontrolünün doğru anlaşılma ve başarıya ulaşma olasılığı daha yüksek hale gelecektir. Kalite çemberleri de toplam kalite kontrolü girişimlerine canlılık kazandırması ve ekip ruhunu yükseltmesi nedeniyle üzerinde dikkatle durulması gereken etkinliklerdir. Bu çalışmada toplam kalite kontrolünün ülke ekonomisine yapabileceği katkılar gözönüne alınarak başarılı şekilde uygulanabilmesi için gerekli koşulların ortaya çıkarılmasına çalışılmıştır. vıı

SUMMARY TOTAL QUALITY CONTROL In this study total quality control, which is an effective way to produce quality goods and services that are the needs of our new age, is examined. Total quality control is identified as an effective system which integrates the quality development, quality maintenance and quality improvement efforts of various groups in an organization to produce products and services that will ensure the full customer satisfaction on the most economical level. The establishment and successful application of this system in a company require great efforts. In this subject there are some works that everybody must do in the company. Total quality control will be one of the greatest chance of success of the companies in the future. The chance of truly understanding and achievement to the success of total quality control that was set on a concrete basis by quality assurance will be higher. Quality circles are the activities that must be considered carefully, because they contribute liveliness to total quality control attempts and promote the team spirit. In this study, considering the contributions of total quality control to the national economy, the prerequirements of successful application are tried to lighten. In the first chapter, a general description of quality is given. As a result of the industrial progress, nowadays quality concept interests everybody such as product designer, engineer, manager, producer and consumer. Quality may be defined in the general term as the suitability degree of the product or service to the expected usage goal. This goal is relative and varies from VIIIpeople to people depending on their needs, time and payment possibilities. There are some factors that affect product or service quality other than consumer expectations, these include competition, sale policies, usage goal of the product or service, price, delivery date, product design, materials, machines, tools and equipment used, inspection operations, etc. These factors can be collected under two main class, such as design quality and conformity quality. Design quality considers physical structure addition to operation characteristics. Design quality, which includes dimension, weight, volume, durability and alike physical qualities, is based on measurements. Conformity quality is the performance degree of the spesifications determined by design quality in the manufacturing process. In the first chapter quality control concept is also reviewed. Quality control is identified as the achievement procedure to the industrial quality aim. Another definition may be that quality control is a science which prevents the manufacture of bad products. Quality control generally has four steps as follows: 1. Implementation of standards: Identification of cost-quality, performance-quality and reliability-quality standards that are necessary for the product. 2. Evaluation of suitability: Determination of the suitability of quality characteristics of the manufactured product to the predetermined standards. 3. Taking corrective actions: Whenever a significant deviation from standards occurs, required corrective actions are taken. 4. Improvement planning: Development of the cost, performance and reliability standards about quality and research of new methods and technology possibilities. IXISO 9000 series. In this way a company can relieve of the stress created by the expertise requests of the customers. In the fifth and last chapter, quality circles which are effective tools of total quality control are examined. Quality circles were first applied in Japan. This application ensured a company-wide awareness of quality concept. In this way workers understood that they were adopted as the most important parts of the organization. Quality circles are based on voluntarism, nobody is forced to participate to the quality circle activities. The people who participate to the quality circle activities voluntarily can really make useful contributions to the common goals. Quality circle activities generally follows implementation of total quality control. Every company which has established total quality control system must also organize quality circle in its factory. A total quality control attempt can not be successful without using quality control activities. The success of the quality circle activities is a determiner of total quality control efforts. In the conclusion chapter, in the light of the explanations made in the main chapters whether total quality control applications can be successful in Turkey conditions is discussed according to the view-point of the author. The necessary changes that must be made in the present conditions for satisfactory success of total quality control applications are also taken into consideration. XIIISO 9000 series. In this way a company can relieve of the stress created by the expertise requests of the customers. In the fifth and last chapter, quality circles which are effective tools of total quality control are examined. Quality circles were first applied in Japan. This application ensured a company-wide awareness of quality concept. In this way workers understood that they were adopted as the most important parts of the organization. Quality circles are based on voluntarism, nobody is forced to participate to the quality circle activities. The people who participate to the quality circle activities voluntarily can really make useful contributions to the common goals. Quality circle activities generally follows implementation of total quality control. Every company which has established total quality control system must also organize quality circle in its factory. A total quality control attempt can not be successful without using quality control activities. The success of the quality circle activities is a determiner of total quality control efforts. In the conclusion chapter, in the light of the explanations made in the main chapters whether total quality control applications can be successful in Turkey conditions is discussed according to the view-point of the author. The necessary changes that must be made in the present conditions for satisfactory success of total quality control applications are also taken into consideration. XIIConsidering these steps, quality control is a function that interest all departments in varying degrees. It should not be thought that quality control comprises only inspection operations or it is a group of activities which are performed in a specific department of the company. The second chapter is the main chapter. Here the development of quality control is given. Total quality control control is first used by Dr. Feigenbaum. Feigenbaum identified total quality control as an efficient system that integrates quality development, quality maintenance and quality improvement efforts of various groups in an organization in order to present products or services that satisfy the customers' needs on the most economical levels. Total quality control played an important role in development of Japan. Dr. Ishikawa, who is one of the quality leaders in Japan, presented some factors that caused the success of Japan in quality competence. Some of these factors are hereditary in Japanese society. These facilitate to reach the total quality control objectives. However the other nations can benefit from these factors by educating and ensuring a social development. Total quality control has four main jobs which are different from each other in the production process. The first job is the new design control. This job comprises selection of marketable characteristics, implementation of design parameters and proof by prototype tests, planning the manufacturing process and estimation of initial costs and determination of quality standards. The second job is coming material control and interested in the applications that are made in order to decide acception or rejection of materials, parts and components coming from subcontractors or another department of the company. The third job, namely product control deals with the control of products at the manufacturing source in order to correct the deviations from the