Beşiktaş semt pazarı ve pazarcı esnafı: Gelişen ülke kentlerinde örgütlenmiş-örgütlenmemiş kesimlerin eklemlenmesine bir örnek

Abstract

- Ill - ingilizce özet The present study addresses itself to an analysis of mode of organization of operations of the small-scale traders in the local market places. The study is set within the faremwork of the formal - informal sector dichotomy that has come to dominate the studies on the urban socio-economic structures of the developing countries over the last two decades. In its simplest expression, the formal-informal sector dichotomy is based on the differentiation of the sectors of an urban socio economic structure in a developing country in terms of the organizational form of activities within each sector. Although the criteria employed in differentiating between the sectors vary widely, for most practical purposes, the formal sector can be» identified by a highly structured and organized mode of operation of production, distribution (exchange) and consumption, while informal sector is identified by the negation of the attributes of the former, namely loose and small-scale organization of production, distribution and consumption. As such, the established dichotomy is a deriva tive of that employed by the modern-traditional analysis that preceeded it. In the general conceptualization of the dichotomy, the informal is treated autonomously. The alleged autonomy implies- IV that the informal sector activities are geared to the provision of employment opportunities for those who fail to secure permanent employment in the formal sector and a wide range of goods and services for the lower income groups of the urban population. A number of more recent studies, however, stress the interrelationships -organic relations between the two sectors, which we name as articulations- between the two sectors. In the latter approach, the informal sector is thus treated as being highly integrated to the formal sector. In other words, such studies emphasize the complementarity of the activities in which the two sectors are engaged. Still another point of diversity centers on the nature of relationships between.the two sectors. The two conflicting approaches regard the relationship as benign and as subordinate. The benign relationship approach emphasizes the capacity for survival of the informal sector in face of both the inherent organizational limitations and the structural obstacles. The resillience of the informal sector is thus seen as an assurance of its prospect for growth are eliminated through socio-economic policy measures. The subordinate relationship approach on the other hand, regards the restricted access to the various resources of the formal sector as the major impediment to the growth of the informal sector, and, accordinlgy, as the major instru ment of subordination exercised by the formal sector. This approach, therefore, sees the growth prospect of the informal sector not in indigenious capital formation but, in a rather perverted manner, in the size of the urban population that cannot be accommodated in the formal sector.- v - The present study regards the informal sector as neither autonomous nor completely integrated with the formal sector. in terms of the position taken up herein, the informal sector possesses important linkages to the formal sector, in particular, in the spheres of product distribution and consumption. The informal sector constitutes a majör channel for the supply of goods, produced in the formal sector, for consumption by the lower income groups of the urban popula- tion. The autonomy of the informal sector, on the other hand, derives from both its ability to supply the goods, albeit low quality, for the low income groups of the urban population and distribution of such goods through extensive trading. As for the nature of the relationship, the present study takes into account both the benign and subordinate components. The relationship is subordinate to the extent the growth prospects of the informal sector is impeded by the restrictive practices of the formal sector. in modern manufacturing, it may be expected that the relationship will be characterized by subordination. in trading, on the other hand, despite the unfavourable conditions governing the access of the informal sector traders to certain goods produced in the formal sector, the lower overhead costs and competative pricing will enable the informal sector to retain its market share. -