Filmlerde restorasyon ve koruma

Abstract

CHAPTER III PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION İN ACCORDANCE VITH DESIGN AND DESIGNERS 3.1 Design Principles For Prefabricated Construction The aim of using developed construction technigues is increasing rationalization level. Vithin this context, design of a prefabricated system is an important factor which is so complex that requires not only dominating technology but also intuition with technology, where, laboratory studies, besides ali (Karaesmen, 1987). Design, as being identified by some theorists, is an action of people creating their own surroundings together while living (Anon, 1982: 11). Hovever, complexity of problem and the need for mass production has shown that scientific approach is unavoidable for finding solution. Taking design as scientific requires deflning designing process and giving decisions at various steps of that process and by the way going to a vrhole by giving various decisions. Decision action is produced by various components and the important öne is `knovledge`. Changesin knovrledge system affect the behaviors of society, by the way methods of the designer. in charge of design, Architectural Concrete Institute is considering such items as structural and architectural design, various types of connections and fastenings, strength of concrete and tolerances needed for design criteria (, 1965). 3.1.1 Design Concept in Architecture Design concept, in general meanings, is the process of problem solving. Realizing that process is the main concept in the profession life of an architect. Vhen the behavior types for realizing that function are examined, it is seen that there are two kinds of approaches as being `Höristik` and `Algoritmik` (Tapan, 1987), vhereas both of them can also be used together. Main problem of choosing behavior type is based not only on their concept but also on production type, in other words, on whether the production is industrialized ör not and on marketing of the product. 3.1.1.1 `Höristik` Approach in such approaches, a problem solving method is seen which based on the experiments of the designer and on original thoughts developed spontaneously. Generally, it is seen that höristik programming 80

techniques are being preferred for having satisfying solutions instead of looking for the best solutions when optimizing algorithms are not existed ör when these algorithms are invalid because of the dimensions of the problems that will be solved (Saglamer, 1982: 12). Vhereas, that method provides empirical solutions, at the same time, provides helping pre- solutions for finding exact solutions of the problem (Daenzer, 1978: 208). 3.1.1.2`Algöritaıik` Approach Mass production type reguires standardization and balance betveen demand and supply. Ensuring these needs is before ali else base on every kind of decision processes being done in a vholeness (Tapan, 1987). For algorithmic behavior, ali sub-processes are being defined and these processes are being realized in an order. Putting forth the duration as able of being defined for consideration ensures at the same time the possibility to observe the kind of change on the product come out by the change in duration. 3.1.1.3`Horistik` + `Algoritmik` Approach Their being used together is mostly seen in architecture. Insufficient datums in that field, educational problems, socio-psychologic, socio-psychology effects as aesthetic causes höristik models to be used in 81a high ratio in especially alternative develop phase in architecture. 3.1.2 Industrialization Fact And Designing Dilemma in Architecture By the industrialization of housing construction, criteria like speed, quality, source saving,... ete. constituted the main criteria at production duration, whereas product and production durations ansvering those criteria are being re-developed (Tapan, 1987). Designing and production duration based on design constituted with a series of stages and these stages sometimes should follow each other ör output of a stage should be input of other stage. These conditions reguire realizing the process according to a flow chart that is pre-designed. Decision of a process when, how and in how much time should be considered ör deciding the process which has direct ör indirect relation with any other process should be known before in an industrialized production duration. A design of mass housing constructed by prefabricated elements and its production duration can be seen in Figüre 3.1 (Tapan, 1987: 40). That flow chart also put forth the differentiations betveen a prefabricated design and traditional design stages. 82