Sultan Muhammed Tapar devri Selçuklu tarihi (498-511/1105-1118)

Abstract

Öne of the greatest empire urhich the Turks had foun- ded in the Islamic period was the Great Seljuk±ds( 104-0- 1157)- Seljuk who gave his name to this state was the son of Dukak who was called `Temür-Yalığ` (Demir Yaylı), and he himself was öne of the Oghuz Beys. Selçuk*s convertion to îslam in the tenth century was an important event of the Turko- Islamic history. Sel jule's grand children Tuğrul and Çağrı Beys who played an important role in the history af- ter Seljuk's death in 1009» defeating Ghaznavid armies at Dandanakan in 1040, von an illustrious victory and estab- lished the bases of the Seljuk State. The first ruler of the Great Seljuk's Tuğrul Bey(l04-0- 1063) after establishing a suzerainty in Persian area which cover Irak, Azerbaycan and Harezm, died 1063. After the death of Tuğrul Bey, Çağrı Bey's son Süleyman was proclaimec as Sultan? but being failed against his brother Alp Arslan had to leave the throne to the latter, Alp Arslan with his splende victory of Malazgirt in 26 August 1O71 against Romanus Diogenes, the Byzantine Emperor, had opened the doors of Anatolia t o the Turks. în the folloving ye ar when he started his campaign of Transoxiana he was killed by an Ismailî volunteer in 25 'November 1072. Sultan Melikşâh who inherited a great Empire from his father Alp Arslan, with the valuable e f ört s of Nizamülmülk, had brought the Empire to its greatest boundaries. in this period, as ali the historians unanimouslyreported, the security and the prosperity of the people, and the social and cultural level of the Smpire reached to its hightest level. At that time the deterioration of the relations between Sultan Melikşah and Nizamülmülk, and their sudden and succesive deaths within öne month brought about a harmful result not only for the Seljuk Bmpire but also for the Islamic world in general. The struggle for the throne af t er the death of Sultan Melikşah, had caus,e;d a big erişe in the Empire and internal and external disor- der, and îsmailî movement greatly extended its harmful acti- vites. The Grusaders which occupied an important section of the East-West relations started at this period, and the leaders of the Crusaders, profiting from this weak stuation, achived to found small Latin States. The opportıınist Emîrs on the other hand, utilizing from this position, challenged to the State and going even far beyond they proelamated their independances. Sultan Muhammad Tapar(1105-1118), who came to the throne af ter the Berkyaruk's death in 1104 spent great effort to rescue the state and to recovere it its previous strength on the öne hand strengthen the central authority he tried to control the emirs and on the other hand arranging some canpaigns, tried to destroy Ismaili's headquarters and to remove small Latin states. The present work tried mainly to study the quarrels made for the throne during the emirate of Muhammad Tapar and his attempts to establish control över the emirs and- 273 - his activities to destroy the Ismaili centers and finally his sending troops to end the small Latin states. The Muhammad Tapar» s period so far has not been particularly studied. Here the political aspect of his rule has been examined using primary sources as far as possible.