Kalat Şergat (Asur), Tello (Girsu) ve Fara (Suruppak) maden buluntularının Anadolu maden buluntuları ile tipolojik ilişkileri sorunu

Abstract

32? S U LI M A E Y The Excavations in the Para (Suruppak) and Tello ( Girsu), between the Euphrat-es and Tigris rivers in the South Mesopotamia and in Kal' at Şergat ( Asur ), in the North Mesopotamia near Tigris, ^uncovered many metal finds. The Excavations in Kal* at Şergat (Asur) was carried out successively in 1903-1913, 1981-1982, in Tello (Girsu)i-n I878 1933, in Para (Suruppak ). The metal finds obtained during these excavations are now `being preserved in the Archaeological Museum in Istanbul (in Eski Şark Eserleri Museum), in the Louvre Museum, in the Baghdat Museum and Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. The Typical relations between the metal finds being preserved in the ÎSski Şark Eserleri Museum and the ones in the other museums --unfortunately followed only in publishings- form the subject of this search. Por our purpose the typologies of the metal finds as the awls (tools,- tyje 1), drills(tools: type 2), chisels-celts (tools: type 3), knives (tools:type 4), razors (tools : type 5), saws (tools itype6), sickles (tools:type 7) double edge knives (tools :type8), flat axes-adzes (tools: type 9) shaft Hole axes, (tools: type 10), shaft hole adzes..? (tools: type-11),, shaft hole pickaxes (tools:type 12), open socketed hoes r ( tools :i^pe 13), daggers (weapons: type 1), short swords (weapons: type 2), spear heads ( weapons : type 3) » harpoons : ( weapons ı type 4), arrow-heads (weapons. type 5),mace -heads- (weapons. type 6Î, were done.32? Then-, `by means of the examples from the other regions mingled with the originals the types were dated. The typological search of the metal finds fron the Kal' at Şergat (Asur), Tello (Girsu) and Fara (Suruppak) excavations `brought to light that the first relations between Anatolia and Mesopotamia was established during the Akkadian Period.- İt is observed that the tool and weapon types, existed in Fara and I'ellc, in the period of the early dynasties and Jemdet Easr, did not exist in Anatolia.Comparing the many types arrived in Anatolia from Mesopotamia,only the type 2.3 did arrive in Mesopotamia from Anatolia. During the Gut i an and Ur III periods, the typological relations between the two regions were broken off. It is observed that during the old Assyrian period many tools anc weapons, produced especially in Assyria, had passed into Anatolia through the karums. Though the trade was heavy between Anatolia, the Aegean sea, East Mediterranean and Mesopotamia, it is~ observed that, the circulation of the metal products made in Assyria had a very type relations with the ones made in Anatolia. To finds Anatolian arrow heads in Syria and the North Mesopotamia was a point that draws attention. The same situation is valid, for the Late Assyrian period.lt is found out that the appearance of the Iron tools and weapons did not much effect the typical relations.