J. J. Rousseau`nun Tanzimat Dönemi fikir hayatımıza etkileri

Abstract

SUMMARY It is generally accepted that J. J. Rousseau is the last figure of concept of `social contract` among the state theoricists. Bill of Human and Citizien Rights, declared after 1789 French Revolution, resulted from his ideas. It has been seen that all Western Constitutions have been inspired from Rousseau's ideas. In the term of modernisations, the gap between Ottoman hnpire and Europe began to widen in the epoch of Ottoman decline. In the period of Selim in and Mahmut n, some reform movements began; thus it was tried to provide a development to catch up the modern world. The reform movement consists of military and technical areas, and dressing; but these could not provide a development. The Ottoman Empire which could not provide a successful result in implementing the reforms considered the administrative structure as the real causes of the decline. The most important thing in the administrative arrangement in state structure is Tanzimat Fermam which declared in 1839. Tanzimat Fermam is accepted as a kind of contract showing the rights and responsibilities of state aganist individual and so individul aganist state. Some of thinkers of this period learned Rousseau during their education in France and translated some books of Rousseau into Turkish. It is said that the real impact of Rousseau's idea on Turkey has began by Atatürk, who is the founder of new republic. In this study, I tried to show the impacts of Rousseau on Turkey in the lights of documents.