dc.description.abstract | In addition to having get bounds according to war winner states wishes and profits except for taking into consideration the factors of language, religion and historical process, at the Balkans which forms a mosaic from the cultural and demographic sides, the Balkans are always at the sensitive balance during the history with the Balkan States national profits, feelings coming from history, imagines about the future and especially with the intervention of the exterior states nearly all times.The spoiling of this sensitive balance with the continous teactions, causes crisis areas and then wars.The Balkans which see all the wars as the means of widening their lands, widened their bounds taking lands from the Ottoman Empire after the Balkan Wars.But all agreements which were signed after the wars because of not finding the hopes, sow the seeds of the new future disagreements.For example, after the First Balkan War, not being royal to the agreement, the second Balkan War came out.And Bulgaria which wasn?t pleased with the results of the Balkan war saw the First World War as the means of widening its lands.The States which new the wish of Bulgaria, made Bulgaria join the war by promising lands after the war.In the same way Serbia couldn?t assimilate being given the lands of Bosnia Herzogovina to Austria ? Hungary with the 1878 Berlin Pact and Serbia?s extreme wishes towards having this land became the fireplace of the First World War.Even after 95 years of Ottoman Empire?s with drawing from the Balkans in the year 1913 and Thrace?s remaining at the Turkish people, the continuation of the conflicts at that area shows the sensitivess of the ethnic construction.Nearly after a hundred years the Balkan Nations which separated from the Ottoman Empire,had never hesitated from fighting during the history by claiming that all pieces of lands were their ancestors lands.It?s the known truth that the conflicts at the Balkans and the ethnic contruction which still hasn?t placed, resulted from the area named as old Yugoslavia.Kosova which took part in old Yugoslavia went into sovereighty of the Ottoman Empire in 1389 and remaned at the Ottoman Empire?s sovereighty for 523 years.The cause of this area?s remaining at the Ottoman Empire?s sovereighty such a long time, results from the Ottoman Empire?s applying a just direction at the area without pursueing assimilation, pressure and appression potitics and so the public lived in peace during the period.The Balkans reached peace for the first time at their history when they were under the control of the Ottoman Empire.When the Ottoman Empire?s influence finished, this caused continous disasters both for the Turkish and Muslims who lived in that area.The thoughts which aims at uniting with the Slav race who had lived at the Balkans since the Middle Age, went on after the Balkan war in 1912 with the Slav?s extreme nationalist attitudes and they made persecutions, first of all to the Muslims, Bosnian, Albanian and the Turkish who lived in that area.Serbia which thouht it couldn?t protect his lands aganist the threat which was created by fascist Italyand nazi Germany after the first World War, united with Slovenia and Crotia to create a power, and Yugoslavia State was accupied by Germany at the second World War.After this accupation, Tito, who had marxist thoughts, became the leader of the resistance aganist the accupation by affecting the masses.When the war finished, he established the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which relied on the unity of the slavs by using the power which formed in the atmosphere of the resistance on the public and the existence of the communist party.When Tito died in 1980, Milosevich, who was famous with his extreme racialist quality, came to power and said that Tito pushed the Serb nationalism in the back ground and he started to pursue the politics which advanced the Serb nationalism aganist the other federal states in the country.For example, at the time of Tito, Bosnia Herzogevina was known as the separate nation and achieved some privileges with the destruction of the communist regimes in 1990, the Eastern Black was destroyed and the Cold War came to an end.When the socialist thought which held the Eastern Black and Yugoslavia all together finished, again some extreme trends accured in the country and after these the Federal States separated from Yugoslavia.At the time of Milosevich, at the six hundredth anniversary of the Kosova war a ceremary was made in front of the monument which was erected in the name of a Serbian who was said that he killed the first.Sultan Murad near the war place, Phrishtina.There were one million people at the ceremony and after Milosevich?s talking the Serb nationalism came to the top point and it was clamied that all Yugoslavian lands originally belonged to the Serlos.Where as, when we look at the history, the Illrians who was the ancestors of the Albanians, lived in Kosova in the years 3 B.C. But the Slavs came to Kosova and the Balkans in the years 700. Consequently, the Slavs who were the ancestors of the Serbscame to these places more than 700 years later than the Illyrians who was the real ancestors of the Albanians and this shows that who is the holder of the right at this area.Now Kosova?s population is nearly two million and the Albanians forms %96 of this population.Aıthough the Serbs population don?t pass thirty ? thirty ? five thousand, it is the other matter of argument how they can claim a right on Kosova. The Serbs used the effect of the Kosova war on the Serb Nationalism for hundred years by means of the churches, to hold the Serb Nationalism alive and at the time of the revalt aganist the Ottoman Empire aiming at settling the Serb Nationalism consciousness.According to them no war at the history of the world had lived the nation consciousness as much as the Kosova Pitched Battle.The autonomy which was given to Kosova by Tito in 1974, was cancelled by Milosevich in 1989 and he announced that Kosova was completely united to Serbia.After this year, the Serbs pressure on the Albanians increased.Ten thousands of Albanians were killed and the others were forced to migration.But the extreme Serb Nationalism, which was put into practice by Milosevich and the application of this nationalism?s claims that all the lands of Yugoslavia belonged to the Serbs, provocated the other nationalisms in the country.And against the other nations wishes of separating from the ünity and astablishing a state, the serb leader Milosevich, wanted to prevent the dissolution by using the Military Power.And this coused experiencing the most bloody ethnic cleanliness event at the close period of the history of Europe, facing the Serb?s Savageness on this defenceless civil public, at the beginning the west said nothing, but when the savageness increased the west states was obliged to interfere to the war.The interference which was under the leadership of the USA, of course, would serve to the profits of the power centres and NOTA helped the interference, with these it was calculated that NATO which was thought had no longer had its function with the end of the cold war, would construct again.Because the USA who wanted to remain as the only power, would use the power of the following terms.It would seen that the power?s continuating without dispersing had vital volue for the USA?s profits.Rusia who was the biggest protector of Serbia, had supported the Serbs who was Slav and Orthodox like itself, for its profits.So, Rusia was opposed to the interference of NATO but it gave up in return for the economic aids because of its economic problemss.And Greece and Romania who was Orthodox, also, supported the Serbs, too.Kosova is accepted as a holy and very important place from the aspect of religion for the Serbs.In kosova, a secret war of the Müslims, Orthodoxes and the Catholics has gone on.Kosova which has approximately two millon and a hundred and ninety population and %90 of this population consists of Kosova?s people whose origin were Albanians Also approximately one million the Turkish and Serbian people lived there.During the history in Kosova, the population communities changed their places in different times or was obliged to change their place.When the Austria Hamburg Kigdom occupied Kosova in 1960, it was thought that on this accupation the religious men and the public had great roles.So after the Ottoman Empire?s taking the land back, manyAlbanians families had been settled to this land and it caused the rising of Albanian population here.While the Serbs were claiming that Kosova belonged to them selves, the Albanians who formed the mojority of the population were dreaming of independence and the Great Albania by witing with the Albania State all the time.Tito thought that this extreme natonalism would shatter Yugoslavia and to hold the country all together, he supplied great privileges to Kosova when it revolted in 1974.Due to these privileges the Turkish could open their schools and obtained important profits including learning their mother tongue.Whwn Milosevich came to the power, he put the privileges aside and with this, the massacre enterprise of the Serbs by inserting the Military Forces in Kosova in 1998 and in the West, especially in the USA the anxiety of the new Bosnia Massecre, concluded with the air movement towards Serbia under the leadership of NATO in March, 1999.After the movement the defeated Serbia, pulled its Military forces on Condition that Kosova remained in the Serbias lands.With the 1244 United Nations Sudgement, the direction of Kosova transfered to the United Nations for this, with the establishing of a temporary direction which directed Kosova (UNMIK), establishing an international force in that area was accepted by the Serb State whose name was Yugoslavia at that time.As the mission of the United Nations, the matter of the future of Kosova which was directed by UNMIK administration from 1999, whose security was supplied by the Multinational NATO Forces, went on with dissolutions at the meetings which was made in different countries for a long time in the custody of the USA, UN and RF and the Kosova?s Albanians took the decision of one ?sided independence.Although Rusia which is the permanent member of the United Nations Security Council impeded Kosova?s independence process by using its veto right, Kosova declared its independence in 17 th. February, 2008 but Kosova has faced with the Serb?s reactions.Kosova, on the aspect of Turkey, is the area which is needed to dwell on from two sides.First the Turkish population living in that area, second the areas geopolitical and geostrategical importance.Nearly fifty million of the Kosova?s population is formed by the Turkish.At the government whizh was formed at the head of the Prime Minister, Thaci, while a ministry has given to the Serb?s, in the cabinet a Turkish minister has been nominated and four Turkish deputies has gone into the assembly.There are historical brotherhood, relationship and being all together between the Turkish people and the Kosovan Albanians.Besides, nearly 3-4 million of Kosova?s people live in Turkey.But the conjuncture is continuously chancing in the world and the directors of the countries keep up with these situations.And it is not realistic to speak about the permanent friendship and enmity arnong the states at the international relations.On this side some Albanians at the interference of NATO, hanged the picture of the nun Teresa, called Nona Teresa (Mother Teresa) who was an Albanian woman but didn?t help to the Albanians, at the official associations, to approuch to the USA and to show sympathy to the Catholic Christians, there is a big picture of her at the Sejdiju?s room, the head of the State, president of Kosova.Also, the statue of Mr. İskender, who killed thousands of Turkish people by rebelling to the Ottoman, passed to the Christianism by uniting with the venetians and was accepted as the national hero by the Albanians, on a horse was erected at the Phrishtine square which is the capital of Kosova.On the other hand, in the past the Turkish people in Kosova were obliged to migration and large number of people had migrated and the largest migration wave happened between 1954 and 1956.The remaining Turkish population are in danger of losing their identity because of their marriage with the Albanians.The Turkish people?s future is still full of with question marks.Although the Kosova?s turkis founded political parties and associations to participate the life, tosupply their social attachment and to keep alive their cultures and identities, it is clear that their not being assimilated is depented upon the Turkey?s continueing of its remaining as a strong state and making itself felt as an effective power in that area.Turkey must evaluate the area wholly and know the politics of the states which want to dominate on that area, to understand whic problems the Kosova?s Turkish can meet and to produce suitable alternatives for them.Because of the evaluations which are made without seeing the whole picture can cause to reach wrong results.Secondly, The Balkans are the bridge which fasten Europe and Asia with the Anatolian peninsula.This geography?s strategic importance for Turkey is because of its being the base and supporting district of military operations which take aim at the Middele East petroleum areas, started in the Middle and Eastern Europe, with the Turkish Starits and Suez Regions.The Middle Europe is a strategic area which is on the passing road of Asia?s and the Middle East?s air and land transportation with Europe and also it has important effectives on the water transportation of the Middle Europe, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.Because of these reasons t enables Europe to be effective on the Mediterranean?s and the Middle East?s politics and strategies.If the countries securities Start from their borders, it means that the danger bells are ringing for the country.As it is not thought Turkey?s remaining being indifferent to this geography, which had remained under the control of the Ottoman Empire for long years, such kind of situation will danger Turkey?s security.Kosova, which is at the centre position of this geography and the Balkan?s, for Turkey it is a critic front defence district protecting the Balkan peninsula, the Turkish Straits with Thrace, in front.This area?s geoeconomic importance for Turkey is that it supplies the shırtest land and air trade road pasibilities which fasten Turkey to Europe.Because of the roads which fasten nearly 3,5 million Turkish people to the motherland, passing from the Balkan?s, the tensions and the conflicts which happen on that area interest Turkey directly.Besides, the existence of the the Müslims, who think and live as the Turkish and whose attachment has been still going on by sharing the common history and culture with the effect of the Turkish minorities who lived in the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire, means a different importance of that area for Turkey.ABSTRACTIn addition to having get bounds according to war winner states wishes and profits except for taking into consideration the factors of language, religion and historical process, at the Balkans which forms a mosaic from the cultural and demographic sides, the Balkans are always at the sensitive balance during the history with the Balkan States national profits, feelings coming from history, imagines about the future and especially with the intervention of the exterior states nearly all times.The spoiling of this sensitive balance with the continous teactions, causes crisis areas and then wars.The Balkans which see all the wars as the means of widening their lands, widened their bounds taking lands from the Ottoman Empire after the Balkan Wars.But all agreements which were signed after the wars because of not finding the hopes, sow the seeds of the new future disagreements.For example, after the First Balkan War, not being royal to the agreement, the second Balkan War came out.And Bulgaria which wasn?t pleased with the results of the Balkan war saw the First World War as the means of widening its lands.The States which new the wish of Bulgaria, made Bulgaria join the war by promising lands after the war.In the same way Serbia couldn?t assimilate being given the lands of Bosnia Herzogovina to Austria ? Hungary with the 1878 Berlin Pact and Serbia?s extreme wishes towards having this land became the fireplace of the First World War.Even after 95 years of Ottoman Empire?s with drawing from the Balkans in the year 1913 and Thrace?s remaining at the Turkish people, the continuation of the conflicts at that area shows the sensitivess of the ethnic construction.Nearly after a hundred years the Balkan Nations which separated from the Ottoman Empire,had never hesitated from fighting during the history by claiming that all pieces of lands were their ancestors lands.It?s the known truth that the conflicts at the Balkans and the ethnic contruction which still hasn?t placed, resulted from the area named as old Yugoslavia.Kosova which took part in old Yugoslavia went into sovereighty of the Ottoman Empire in 1389 and remaned at the Ottoman Empire?s sovereighty for 523 years.The cause of this area?s remaining at the Ottoman Empire?s sovereighty such a long time, results from the Ottoman Empire?s applying a just direction at the area without pursueing assimilation, pressure and appression potitics and so the public lived in peace during the period.The Balkans reached peace for the first time at their history when they were under the control of the Ottoman Empire.When the Ottoman Empire?s influence finished, this caused continous disasters both for the Turkish and Muslims who lived in that area.The thoughts which aims at uniting with the Slav race who had lived at the Balkans since the Middle Age, went on after the Balkan war in 1912 with the Slav?s extreme nationalist attitudes and they made persecutions, first of all to the Muslims, Bosnian, Albanian and the Turkish who lived in that area.Serbia which thouht it couldn?t protect his lands aganist the threat which was created by fascist Italyand nazi Germany after the first World War, united with Slovenia and Crotia to create a power, and Yugoslavia State was accupied by Germany at the second World War.After this accupation, Tito, who had marxist thoughts, became the leader of the resistance aganist the accupation by affecting the masses.When the war finished, he established the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia which relied on the unity of the slavs by using the power which formed in the atmosphere of the resistance on the public and the existence of the communist party.When Tito died in 1980, Milosevich, who was famous with his extreme racialist quality, came to power and said that Tito pushed the Serb nationalism in the back ground and he started to pursue the politics which advanced the Serb nationalism aganist the other federal states in the country.For example, at the time of Tito, Bosnia Herzogevina was known as the separate nation and achieved some privileges with the destruction of the communist regimes in 1990, the Eastern Black was destroyed and the Cold War came to an end.When the socialist thought which held the Eastern Black and Yugoslavia all together finished, again some extreme trends accured in the country and after these the Federal States separated from Yugoslavia.At the time of Milosevich, at the six hundredth anniversary of the Kosova war a ceremary was made in front of the monument which was erected in the name of a Serbian who was said that he killed the first.Sultan Murad near the war place, Phrishtina.There were one million people at the ceremony and after Milosevich?s talking the Serb nationalism came to the top point and it was clamied that all Yugoslavian lands originally belonged to the Serlos.Where as, when we look at the history, the Illrians who was the ancestors of the Albanians, lived in Kosova in the years 3 B.C. But the Slavs came to Kosova and the Balkans in the years 700. Consequently, the Slavs who were the ancestors of the Serbscame to these places more than 700 years later than the Illyrians who was the real ancestors of the Albanians and this shows that who is the holder of the right at this area.Now Kosova?s population is nearly two million and the Albanians forms %96 of this population.Aıthough the Serbs population don?t pass thirty ? thirty ? five thousand, it is the other matter of argument how they can claim a right on Kosova. The Serbs used the effect of the Kosova war on the Serb Nationalism for hundred years by means of the churches, to hold the Serb Nationalism alive and at the time of the revalt aganist the Ottoman Empire aiming at settling the Serb Nationalism consciousness.According to them no war at the history of the world had lived the nation consciousness as much as the Kosova Pitched Battle.The autonomy which was given to Kosova by Tito in 1974, was cancelled by Milosevich in 1989 and he announced that Kosova was completely united to Serbia.After this year, the Serbs pressure on the Albanians increased.Ten thousands of Albanians were killed and the others were forced to migration.But the extreme Serb Nationalism, which was put into practice by Milosevich and the application of this nationalism?s claims that all the lands of Yugoslavia belonged to the Serbs, provocated the other nationalisms in the country.And against the other nations wishes of separating from the ünity and astablishing a state, the serb leader Milosevich, wanted to prevent the dissolution by using the Military Power.And this coused experiencing the most bloody ethnic cleanliness event at the close period of the history of Europe, facing the Serb?s Savageness on this defenceless civil public, at the beginning the west said nothing, but when the savageness increased the west states was obliged to interfere to the war.The interference which was under the leadership of the USA, of course, would serve to the profits of the power centres and NOTA helped the interference, with these it was calculated that NATO which was thought had no longer had its function with the end of the cold war, would construct again.Because the USA who wanted to remain as the only power, would use the power of the following terms.It would seen that the power?s continuating without dispersing had vital volue for the USA?s profits.Rusia who was the biggest protector of Serbia, had supported the Serbs who was Slav and Orthodox like itself, for its profits.So, Rusia was opposed to the interference of NATO but it gave up in return for the economic aids because of its economic problemss.And Greece and Romania who was Orthodox, also, supported the Serbs, too.Kosova is accepted as a holy and very important place from the aspect of religion for the Serbs.In kosova, a secret war of the Müslims, Orthodoxes and the Catholics has gone on.Kosova which has approximately two millon and a hundred and ninety population and %90 of this population consists of Kosova?s people whose origin were Albanians Also approximately one million the Turkish and Serbian people lived there.During the history in Kosova, the population communities changed their places in different times or was obliged to change their place.When the Austria Hamburg Kigdom occupied Kosova in 1960, it was thought that on this accupation the religious men and the public had great roles.So after the Ottoman Empire?s taking the land back, manyAlbanians families had been settled to this land and it caused the rising of Albanian population here.While the Serbs were claiming that Kosova belonged to them selves, the Albanians who formed the mojority of the population were dreaming of independence and the Great Albania by witing with the Albania State all the time.Tito thought that this extreme natonalism would shatter Yugoslavia and to hold the country all together, he supplied great privileges to Kosova when it revolted in 1974.Due to these privileges the Turkish could open their schools and obtained important profits including learning their mother tongue.Whwn Milosevich came to the power, he put the privileges aside and with this, the massacre enterprise of the Serbs by inserting the Military Forces in Kosova in 1998 and in the West, especially in the USA the anxiety of the new Bosnia Massecre, concluded with the air movement towards Serbia under the leadership of NATO in March, 1999.After the movement the defeated Serbia, pulled its Military forces on Condition that Kosova remained in the Serbias lands.With the 1244 United Nations Sudgement, the direction of Kosova transfered to the United Nations for this, with the establishing of a temporary direction which directed Kosova (UNMIK), establishing an international force in that area was accepted by the Serb State whose name was Yugoslavia at that time.As the mission of the United Nations, the matter of the future of Kosova which was directed by UNMIK administration from 1999, whose security was supplied by the Multinational NATO Forces, went on with dissolutions at the meetings which was made in different countries for a long time in the custody of the USA, UN and RF and the Kosova?s Albanians took the decision of one ?sided independence.Although Rusia which is the permanent member of the United Nations Security Council impeded Kosova?s independence process by using its veto right, Kosova declared its independence in 17 th. February, 2008 but Kosova has faced with the Serb?s reactions.Kosova, on the aspect of Turkey, is the area which is needed to dwell on from two sides.First the Turkish population living in that area, second the areas geopolitical and geostrategical importance.Nearly fifty million of the Kosova?s population is formed by the Turkish.At the government whizh was formed at the head of the Prime Minister, Thaci, while a ministry has given to the Serb?s, in the cabinet a Turkish minister has been nominated and four Turkish deputies has gone into the assembly.There are historical brotherhood, relationship and being all together between the Turkish people and the Kosovan Albanians.Besides, nearly 3-4 million of Kosova?s people live in Turkey.But the conjuncture is continuously chancing in the world and the directors of the countries keep up with these situations.And it is not realistic to speak about the permanent friendship and enmity arnong the states at the international relations.On this side some Albanians at the interference of NATO, hanged the picture of the nun Teresa, called Nona Teresa (Mother Teresa) who was an Albanian woman but didn?t help to the Albanians, at the official associations, to approuch to the USA and to show sympathy to the Catholic Christians, there is a big picture of her at the Sejdiju?s room, the head of the State, president of Kosova.Also, the statue of Mr. İskender, who killed thousands of Turkish people by rebelling to the Ottoman, passed to the Christianism by uniting with the venetians and was accepted as the national hero by the Albanians, on a horse was erected at the Phrishtine square which is the capital of Kosova.On the other hand, in the past the Turkish people in Kosova were obliged to migration and large number of people had migrated and the largest migration wave happened between 1954 and 1956.The remaining Turkish population are in danger of losing their identity because of their marriage with the Albanians.The Turkish people?s future is still full of with question marks.Although the Kosova?s turkis founded political parties and associations to participate the life, tosupply their social attachment and to keep alive their cultures and identities, it is clear that their not being assimilated is depented upon the Turkey?s continueing of its remaining as a strong state and making itself felt as an effective power in that area.Turkey must evaluate the area wholly and know the politics of the states which want to dominate on that area, to understand whic problems the Kosova?s Turkish can meet and to produce suitable alternatives for them.Because of the evaluations which are made without seeing the whole picture can cause to reach wrong results.Secondly, The Balkans are the bridge which fasten Europe and Asia with the Anatolian peninsula.This geography?s strategic importance for Turkey is because of its being the base and supporting district of military operations which take aim at the Middele East petroleum areas, started in the Middle and Eastern Europe, with the Turkish Starits and Suez Regions.The Middle Europe is a strategic area which is on the passing road of Asia?s and the Middle East?s air and land transportation with Europe and also it has important effectives on the water transportation of the Middle Europe, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.Because of these reasons t enables Europe to be effective on the Mediterranean?s and the Middle East?s politics and strategies.If the countries securities Start from their borders, it means that the danger bells are ringing for the country.As it is not thought Turkey?s remaining being indifferent to this geography, which had remained under the control of the Ottoman Empire for long years, such kind of situation will danger Turkey?s security.Kosova, which is at the centre position of this geography and the Balkan?s, for Turkey it is a critic front defence district protecting the Balkan peninsula, the Turkish Straits with Thrace, in front.This area?s geoeconomic importance for Turkey is that it supplies the shırtest land and air trade road pasibilities which fasten Turkey to Europe.Because of the roads which fasten nearly 3,5 million Turkish people to the motherland, passing from the Balkan?s, the tensions and the conflicts which happen on that area interest Turkey directly.Besides, the existence of the the Müslims, who think and live as the Turkish and whose attachment has been still going on by sharing the common history and culture with the effect of the Turkish minorities who lived in the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire, means a different importance of that area for Turkey.ÖZETSınırların dil, din ve tarihi süreç gibi faktörler dikkate alınmaksızın savaşlarda galip gelen devletlerinin istek ve çıkarlarına göre çizilmesine ek olarak kültürel ve demografik bakımdan bir mozaik oluşturan Balkanlar?da, Balkan Devletleri?nin milli çıkarları, tarihten gelme duygular, geleceğe dönük hayaller ve özellikle hemen hemen her dönem bölge dışı devletlerin müdahaleleri ile Balkanlar tarih boyunca sürekli olarak hassas bir dengede olmuştur. Bu hassas dengenin belirli dönemlerde bozulması ile oluşan zincirleme tepkilerle kriz ortamlarının ve devamında da savaşların çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Her savaşı topraklarını geniş¬letme aracı olarak gören Balkan devletleri, özellikle Balkan Savaşları?ndan sonra Osmanlı İmparator¬luğundan toprak alarak sınırlarını genişletmişlerdir. Ancak her sava¬şın sonunda umduklarını bulamadıklarından imzalanan her antlaşma geleceğe dönük yeni antlaşmazlık tohumlarını ekmiştir. Örneğin Birinci Balkan Savaşı'ndan sonra varılan antlaş¬maya sadık kalınmayarak ikinci Balkan Savaşı yaşanmıştır. Yine Balkan Savaşı'nın sonuçlarından memnun kalmayan Bulgaristan Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nı toprak¬larını genişletme aracı olarak gör¬müştür. Bu arzusunu bilen büyük devletler de savaşın sonunda ona toprak vaat ederek savaşa girmesi¬ni sağlamışlardır. Aynı şekilde Bosna-Hersek topraklarının 1878 Berlin Antlaşmasıyla Avusturya-Macaristan'a verilmesini haz¬medemeyen Sırbistan'ın bu topraklara sahip olmaya yönelik aşırı emelleri Birin¬ci Dünya Savaşı'nın fitilinin ateşlendiği yer olmuştur.1913 yılında Osmanlı imparatorluğu'nun Balkanlar'dan çe¬kilmesinden ve sadece Trakya?nın Türklerde kalmasından 95 yıl sonra dahi, bölgede ha¬len çatışmaların devam etmesi bölgedeki etnik yapının ne denli hassas olduğunun göstergesidir. Yaklaşık yüz yıllık bir sü¬reç sonunda Osmanlı İmparator¬luğu?ndan ayrılan Balkan millet¬leri; her toprak parçasının geçmiş¬te atalarının yaşadığı yerler oldu¬ğunu iddia ederek tarih boyunca savaşmaktan çekinmemişlerdir. Balkanlar'daki çatışmaların ve halen oturmamış etnik yapılanma¬ların genelde eski Yugoslavya ola¬rak adlandırılan bölgeden kaynak¬landığı da bilinen bir gerçektir.Eski Yugoslavya içinde yer alan Kosova, 1389 yılında Osmanlı egemenliğine geçmiş ve 523 yıl Osmanlı Devleti?nin egemenliğinde kalmıştır. Bölgenin bu kadar uzun süre Osmanlı Devleti?nin egemenliğinde kalmasının nedeni Osmanlı Devleti?nin asimilasyon, baskı ve zulüm vs. politikaları gütmeden bölgede adil bir yönetim uygulamasından kaynaklanmış, bölge halkı bu süre içerisinde huzurlu şekilde yaşamıştır. Balkanlar tarihlerinde ilk kez Osmanlı Devletinin kontrolünde olduğu zaman huzura kavuşmuştur. Osmanlı?nın bölgedeki etkinliğinin 1912?de bitmesi ile hem bölgedeki Türkler hem de burada yaşayan Müslüman uluslar açısından günümüze kadar ulaşacak bir felaketler zincirinin yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Orta Çağ'dan beri var¬lığını sürdüren Balkanlar'daki Slav ırkını bir araya getirmeyi amaçlayan dü¬şünceler 1912?de Balkan Savaşı?ndan sonra da aynı şekilde Sırplar?ın aşırı milliyetçi tutumlarıyla başta Müslüman halklardan Boşnak, Arnavut ve bölgedeki Türkler?e çok büyük zulümler yaptılar.Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında faşist İtalya ve Nazi Almanya'sının yarattığı tehdide karşı, kendi topraklarını koruya¬mayacağını düşünen Sırbis¬tan, Slovenya ve Hırvatistan'la birleşerek bir güç yaratmak için 1929 yılında Yugoslavya Devleti ortak monarşik bir krallık olarak kuruldu. İtalya ve Almanya'nın yarattığı tehdit sonucu bir araya gelen devlet İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nda Almanya'nın işgaline uğradı. Bu işgale karşı Marksist düşünceli Yugoslav Federal Cumhuriyeti Devlet Başkanı Tito, kitleleri etkileyerek işgale karşı direnişin lideri olmuştur. Savaşın bitiminde direnişin getirdiği atmosferin toplum üzerindeki gücün¬den ve ülkedeki komünist par¬tisinin varlığını da kullanarak Slav birliğine dayanan Yugos¬lavya Federal Halk Cumhuriyeti'ni kurdu.Tito, 1980 yılında ölmüş ve kurulan federatif cumhuriyet 1987 yılında iktidara gelen aşırı ırkçı niteliğiyle tanınan Miloseviç, Tito'nun Sırp milliyetçiliğini geri plana ittiği fikrini savunmuş ve ülke içerisinde diğer federal devletlere karşı Sırp milliyetçiliğini öne çıkaran politikalar gütmeye başlamıştır. Örneğin Bosna-Hersek'in ayrı bir millet olarak tanınması ve bazı ayrıcalıklar kazanması Tito döne¬minde olmuştur. 1990 yılında komünist rejimlerin yıkılmasıyle Doğu Bloku yıkılmış ve soğuk savaş sona ermiştir. Doğu Bloku'nu ve Yugoslavya?yı bir arada tutan sosyalist düşüncenin sona ermesi ülke de tekrar aşırı akımlarının doğmasına ve bunun sonucunda da federal devletlerin Yugoslavya' dan ayrılmasına neden olmuştur. Miloseviç döneminde tırmanışa geçen ve Kosova?nın Sırplara ait olduğunu göstermek maksatlı 1989 yılında Kosova Savaşı'nın 600'üncü yıl dönümünde savaşın yapıldığı Priştina'ya yakın bölgedeki Sultan I. Murat'ı öldürdüğü söylenen Sırplı adına dikilmiş anıtın önünde Sırbistan'dan gelen bir milyon kişinin katıldığı törende Miloseviç?in konuşmasından sonra doruk noktasına ulaşan Sırp milliyetçiliği Tüm Yugoslav topraklarının aslında Sırplara ait olduğu iddia edilmeye başlanmıştır. Halbuki tarihe bakıldığında Arnavutların ataları olan İliryalılar M.Ö.3?lü yıllarında Kosova topraklarında yaşamaktaydı, Slavlar ise Balkanlara, Kosova'ya 700?lü yıllarda gelmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla Sırpların ataları olan Slavların, Arnavutların ataları olan İliryalılar?dan 700 yıl sonra buralara gelmesi, bu bölgede kimin hak sahibi olduğunu göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca günümüze bakıldığında ise yaklaşık iki milyon olan Kosova nüfusunu %96 ile Arnavutlar oluşturmaktadır. Kosova'daki nüfusları 30-35 bini geçmeyen Sırpların hangi gerekçelerle Kosova?da hak iddia ettikleri ise ayrı bir tartışma konusudur. Sırplar, yüzyıllarca Kosova Savaşı'nın Sırp milleti üzerindeki etkilerini kiliseler vası¬tasıyla canlı tutmak ve ayaklanma döneminde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na karşı Sırp milliyetçiliği bi¬lincini yerleştirme amacıyla kullan¬mışlardır. Kendilerine göre dünya tarihinde hiçbir savaş Kosova Meydan Muharebesi kadar bir ulus bilincini yaşatmamıştır.1974 yılında Tito?nun özerklik verdiği Kosova'ya Miloşeviç 1989 yılında Kosova'nın bu özerkliğini kaldırdı ve tamamen Sırbistan'a bağladığını ilan etti. Bu tarihten sonra Sırpların Kosovalı Arnavutlara baskısı giderek arttı. On binlerce Arnavut öldürüldü ya da sakat bırakılırken, kalanlar göçe zorlandı. Fakat Miloseviç tarafından uygulamaya sokulan aşırı Sırp milliyetçiliği ve bu milliyetçiliğin iddiası olan tüm Yugoslav topraklarının Sırpların olduğu uygulamaları ülkedeki diğer milliyetçilikleri ateşlemiş, diğer ulusların birlikten ayrılma ve devlet kurma isteklerini Sırp lider Miloseviç askeri güç kullanarak dağılmayı önlemek istemiştir. Bu güç kul¬lanmanın sonuçları ise, yakın dönem Avrupa tari¬hinin en kanlı etnik temizlik ola¬yının yaşanmasına yol açmıştır. Korumasız sivil topluma yönelik Sırp vahşeti karşısında batı baş¬langıçta sessizliğini korumuş; an¬cak vahşetin boyutları artınca batı devletleri savaşa müdahale etmek zorunda kalmıştır. ABD önderliğindeki müdahalede tabiki geçerli güç merkezlerinin çıkarlarına hizmet edecek ki bunlar stratejik olarak bölgeye yerleşme ve aynı zamanda da müdahalenin NATO nezninde yapılması so¬ğuk savaşın bitimiyle artık fonksiyonu kalmadığı düşünceleri oluşan NATO?nun yeniden yapılanması hesap edilmiştir. Çünkü dünyada tek güç olarak kalmak isteyen ABD ilerleyen dönemlerde bu gücü kullanacaktır. Bu gücün dağılmadan devam ettirilmesi ABD?nin çıkarları açısından hayati değerde olduğu görülecektir.Sırbistan?ın en büyük hamisi olan Rusya çıkarları gereği eskiden beri hep kışkırttıkları ve kendileri gibi Ortodoks ve Slav olan Sırpları desteklemişlerdir. Rusya Bunun içinde yapılan NATO müdahalesine ise Rusya BM Güvenlik Konseyi?de veto tehdiyle karşı çıkmış ancak ekonomisinin bozuk olması ve ekonomik yardımlar karşılığında vazgeçmiştir. Yine Ortodoks olan Yunanistan ve Romanya'nın da Sırpları desteklemiştir. Kosova Sırplar için dini açıdan çok önemli ve kutsal bir bölge olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bir anlamda Kosova'da Müslüman, Ortodoks ve Katoliklerin gizli bir savaşı sürmüştür.% 90'ı Arnavut asıllı Kosovalıdan oluşan ve yaklaşık iki milyon yüz doksan nüfuslu Kosova'da 50 bin civarında Türk ve yüz bin civarında da Sırp yaşamaktadır. Kosova'da ta¬rih boyunca nüfus top¬lulukları çeşitli kereler yer değiştirmiş veya değiştirmek zorunda kalmıştır. 1690 yılında Avusturya Hamburg Krallığı Kosova?yı bir yıl işgal etmesinde Sırp din adamları ve toplumun büyük rolü görüldüğünden Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun bölgeyi geri almasından sonra çok sayıdaki Arnavut aile Arnavutluk'tan sonra bölgeye yerleştirilmiş ve burada Arnavut nüfusun artmasının nedeni olmuştur. Kosova için Sırplar buranın kendilerine ait olduğunu ileri sürerken, nüfusun büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan Arnavutlar ise her zaman ya bağımsızlık ya da Arnavutluk Dev¬leti ile birleşerek büyük Ar¬navutluk hayalini kurmak¬ hevesleri hep canlı kalmıştır.Tito, bu aşırı milliyetçiliklerin Yugoslavya?yı parçalayacağını ve ülkeyi bir arada tutmanın yolunun özerklik verilmesinde görmüş ve 1974 yılında ayaklanan Kosova'ya bü¬yük ayrıcalıklar sağlamıştır. 1974 yılında tanınan bu özerklik sayesinde Türkler de kendi okullarını açabilmiş ve ana dil¬lerini öğrenme da¬hil, önemli kazanımlara kavuş¬muşlardır. 1974 yılında verilen bu hakların Miloseviç?in iktidara gelmesi ile rafa kaldırılması Kosova Arna¬vutlarının bağımsızlık isteklerini Sırplar, 1998 yılında Kosova'ya askeri güç kullanarak karşılık 1998 yılında Sırpların Koso¬va'ya asker sokarak katliamlara girişmesi, batıda özellikle ABD'de yeni bir Bosna katliamı olacağı endişesi, NATO önderliğinde Mart 1999 tarihinde Sırbistan'a yönelik hava harekatıyla sonuç¬lanmıştır. Bu harekat sonunda savaşı kaybeden Sırbistan, Kosova'nın Sırbistan topraklarında kalması koşuluyla askerlerini Kosova'dan çekmiştir. 1244 BM?ler kararıyla Kosova yönetiminin BM'ye devredilmesi, bunun için Kosova'yı yönetecek geçici bir idarenin tesisi ( UNMİK )* ile NATO önder¬liğinde bir uluslararası kuvvetin bölgede konuşlanması o zamanki adıyla Yugoslavya olan Sırp Devleti'nce kabul edilmiştir. BM misyonu olarak 1999 yılından itibaren UNMİK Yönetimi tarafından idare edilen ve güvenliği NATO çokuluslu birliklerince sağlanan Kosova?nın geleceği, ABD, AB ve RF gözetiminde çok uzun süre çeşitli ülkelerde yapılan görüşmelerde çözümsüzlükle devam etmiş, Kosova'lı Arnavutlar tek taraflı bağımsızlık kararı aldılar, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyinin daimi üyesi Rusya veto hakkını kullanarak Kosova'nın bağımsızlık sürecini engellemesine rağmen 17 Şubat 2008?de bağımsızlığını ilan etmiş ancak Sırpların tepkileri ile karşılaşılmıştır.Kosova Türkiye açısından iki bakımdan üzerinde önemle durulması gereken bir bölgedir. Bunlardan birincisi bölgede yaşayan Türk nüfus, ikincisi bölgenin jeopolitik ve jeostratejik önemidir.50.000 civarında varlığı ile Türkler Kosova'da başbakan Thaçi başkanlığında kurulan hükümette Sırplar?a bir bakanlık verilirken kabinede bir Türk bakan görev aldı ve dört Türk milletvekili meclise girdi. Kosova'lı Arnavutlarla Türk Milleti?nin tarihi bir birlikteliği, kardeşliğimiz ve akrabalıkları vardır. Ayrıca Türkiye'de yaklaşık 3-4 milyon Kosovalı yaşamaktadır. Ancak dünyada konjüktür sürekli değişmekte ülke yöneticileri bu durumlara ayak uydurmaktadır. Zaten uluslar arası ilişkilerde devletler arasında sürekli dostluk veya düşmanlıktan söz etmek gerçekçi değildir. Bu bakımdan bazı Arnavutlar NATO müdahalesinde kendilerinin kurtarıcısı olarak gördükleri Katolik ABD?ye daha fazla yaklaşmak için Katolik Hiristiyanlar?a sempati göstermek için Arnavut olan ama Arnavutlara faydası olmamış Arnavutlar Nona Terasa ( Teresa Anne ) dedikleri Rahibe Teresa?nın resimleri Kosova'daki resmi kurumlara asılmıştır. Kosova devlet başkanı Sejdiju?nun odasında da onun büyük portesi vardır. Ayrıca Osmanlı'ya baş kaldırıp binlerce Türk'ü öldüren ve Venediklilerle birleşip Hiristiyanlığa geçen, Arnavutlar tarafından milli kahraman olarak kabul edilen İskender Bey?in (George Kastoriti) at üstündeki heykeli Kosovanın başkenti Priştine meydanına dikilmiştir.Diğer taraftan Kosova?da Türkler geçmişte Sırpların baskıları ile göçe zorlamış, en büyük göç dalgası 1954-56 yılları arasında olmak üzere büyük göçler yaşanmış ve kalan nüfus çoğunluktaki Arnavutların Müslüman olmaları ve Arnavutlarla evlilik yapmaları dolayı kimlikleri kaybetme tehlikesinde olan Türkler?in gelecekleri hala soru işaretleri ile doludur. Kosova Türkleri kurdukları siyasi partilerle siyasi yaşama katılmalarına, toplumsal olarak birbirleri bağlılıklarına, kültürlerini ve kimliklerini yaşatmak için mücadele etmelerine ve bunun için de çeşitli derneklerle kimliklerini yaşatmalarına rağmen gelecekte Arnavutluk çoğunluğu içinde asimile olmamaları bir noktada Türkiye?nin güçlü bir devlet olarak varlığının devam ettirmesine ve bölgede etkin bir güç olarak kendisini hissettirmesine bağlı olduğu da açıktır. Türkiye?nin Kosova?daki Türk toplumunun varlığı ve geleceği ve gelecekte ne gibi sorunlarla karşılaşılacağını anlayabilmek ve buna uygun alternatif politikalar üretebilmek için bölgeyi bir bütün olarak değerlendiren ve bölgede hakimiyet kurmak isteyen devletlerin politikalarını bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Çünkü resmin bütünü görülmeden yapılacak değerlendirmeler yanlış sonuçlara ulaşılmasına sebep olacaktır.İkinci olarak, Balkanlar, Anadolu Yarımadası ile birlikte Avrupa ve Asya Kıt?alarını birbirine bağlayan bir köprü durumundadır. Bu coğrafyanın Türkiye için stratejik önemi, Orta ve Doğu Avrupa?da başlayan, Türk boğazları ve Süveyş bölgeleriyle, Ortadoğu petrol alanlarını hedef alan askeri harekatın üs ve destek bölgesi olma özelliğindendir. Asya ve Ortadoğu?nun Avrupa ile hava ve kara taşımacılığında geçiş yolu üstünde, suyolu taşımacılığında da Orta Avrupa, Karadeniz ve Akdeniz?de önemli etkileri olan stratejik bir bölgedir. Bu nedenle Avrupa kıtasının Akdeniz ve Ortadoğu politika ve stratejilerinde etkili olmasına imkan sağlamaktadır.Ülkelerin beka ve güvenlikleri kendi sınırlarından başladığı zaman o ülke için tehlike çanları çalıyor demektir. Kaldı ki Türkiye?nin, uzun yıllar Osmanlı Devleti?nin egemenliği altında kalmış bu coğrafyaya kayıtsız kalması düşünülemeyeceği gibi kayıtsız kalınması durumunda da böyle bir durum Türkiye?nin güvenliğini de tehlikeye sokacaktır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye açısından Balkanlar ve bu coğrafyanın merkezi konumundaki Kosova, Trakya ile birlikte bütün Balkan Yarımadası Türk Boğazlarını ilerden koruyan ve Türkiye için kritik bir ileri savunma bölgesi durumundadır.Bölgenin Türkiye için jeoekonomik bakımdan önemi ise, Türkiye'yi Avrupa'ya bağlayan en kısa kara ve hava ticaret yolu imkanını sağlamasıdır. Avrupa'da yaşayan 3,5 milyona yakın Türk?ü Anayurda bağlayan yolun Balkanlar?dan geçmesi sebebiyle bölgede meydana gelen gerilim ve çatışmalar Türkiye'yi doğrudan ilgilendirmektedir. Ayrıca Balkan ülkelerinde yaşayan Türk azınlıkları ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu?nun etkisi ile Türk gibi düşünen ve yaşayan, ortak tarih ve kültür değerlerinin paylaşıldığı, Türkiye'ye büyük ilgi ve bağlılıkları halen devam eden Müslüman nüfusun varlığı da bölgenin Türkiye için ayrı bir önemini ifade etmektedir. | en_US |